ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 2. Interpretation PART 1 REGISTRATION AND LICENSING OF VEHICLES 3. Vehicles to which this Part applies 4. Classification of motor vehicles 5. Prohibition of vehicles not complying with rules as to construction, etc. 5A. No riding of personal mobility devices, etc., on roads 5B. No riding of personal mobility device, etc., when towed by motor vehicle 6. Rules as to use and construction of vehicles 6A. Alteration of fuel-measuring equipment 6B. Leaving Singapore in motor vehicle with altered fuel‑measuring equipment 6C. Trials and use of autonomous motor vehicles, etc. 6D. Exemptions and modified application of laws to approved trials and special uses 6E. Interfering with autonomous motor vehicle trial, etc. 7. Savings 8. Definition of licence 9. Appointment of Registrar, Deputy Registrar and assistant registrars 10. Registration of vehicles 10A. Vehicles not to be registered without permits issued by Registrar 10B. Heavy vehicle not to be registered without valid vehicle parking certificate 11. Charge of tax on vehicles 11AA. Vehicular emissions tax 11A. Restricted licences and supplementary licences 11B. Taxes and fees payable upon loss of exempt status 12. Vehicles licensed outside Singapore 13. Commencement and duration of licences 14. [Repealed] 15. Using and keeping of vehicle without licence 16. Presumption as to use or keeping of vehicle 17. Continuous liability for duty 18. Suit for recovery of tax 19. Issue and exhibition of licences 20. Number of persons carried on vehicle 21. Late application for licence 22. Surrender of licences 23. Vehicle destroyed, exported, etc. 23A. Duty of manufacturers and dealers to notify Registrar and owners of safety-related defects in vehicles 24. Alteration of vehicle or of its use 25. Visitors’ vehicles 26. Registration and identification marks 27. Cancellation of registration 28. General licences 28A. Special purpose licences 29. Offences in connection with registration and licensing of vehicles 29A. Court may order offender to pay arrears of taxes 30. Power to seize and sell vehicles 31. Limitation on bringing of proceedings for recovery of over‑payment of tax 32. [Repealed] 33. Exemptions and application to vehicles belonging to Government 33A. [Repealed] 33B. [Repealed] 34. Rules for purposes of this Part PART 1A ROAD-USER CHARGES 34A. Interpretation of this Part 34B. Levying of road-user charge 34C. Electronic or computerised or other charge collecting facilities 34D. Rules for purposes of this Part 34E. Registrar’s power of inspection and seizure, etc. Section PART 2 LICENSING OF DRIVERS AND RIDERS Division 1 — Driving of motor vehicles except test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicles 34F. Application of Division 35. Licensing of drivers, etc. 35AA. Court to order forfeiture of vehicle for person driving motor vehicle without driving licence 35A. Power of Deputy Commissioner of Police to revoke driving licence 35B. Licensee may make representations against revocation of driving licence 35C. Surrender of driving licence 36. Prescribed test of competence to drive for grant of driving licence 37. Provisions as to physical fitness of applicants for driving licences 38. Recognition of foreign driving licences and driving permits 39. Production of driving licences 40. Possession of driving licence belonging to another person 41. [Repealed] 42. Disqualification for offences 42A. Disqualification for failing to attend court 43. Provisions as to disqualifications and suspensions 44. Recording of particulars of convictions or disqualifications by Deputy Commissioner of Police 45. Power of Deputy Commissioner of Police to suspend driving licence 46. Licensee may make representations against suspension of driving licence 47. Surrender and return of driving licence 47A. Effect of suspension of licence by Deputy Commissioner of Police 47B. Disqualification or suspension to continue in certain circumstances 47C. Immediate suspension of driving licence in certain circumstances 47D. Definition of serious injury 47E. Penalties for offences under sections 47(5) and 47C(7) 47F. Prohibition order against holders of foreign driving licences Division 2 — Competency test for riding test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle on road 47G. Unauthorised riding of test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle 47H. Grant of competency test certificate for road‑only PAB 47I. Validity of competency test certificate for road‑only PAB 47J. Unlawful use of competency test certificate for road‑only PAB 47K. Allowing untested rider, etc., on road 47L. Production of competency test certificate 47M. Production of false, etc., competency test certificate 47N. Power to seize competency test certificate Division 3 — Miscellaneous 48. Rules for purposes of this Part 49. Exemption PART 3 LICENSING OF DRIVING INSTRUCTORS AND DRIVING SCHOOLS 50. Definition of driving instructor 51. Licensing of driving instructors 52. Application for instructor’s licence 53. Revocation or suspension of instructor’s licence 54. Licensing of driving school 55. Application for driving school licence 56. Cash deposit 57. Revocation of driving school licence and forfeiture of deposit 58. Notice to owner of driving school 59. Refusal to grant or renew licence 60. Appeal to Minister or Commissioner of Police 61. Rules for purposes of this Part PART 4 GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO ROAD TRAFFIC Division 1 — Provisions as to driving and offences in connection therewith 62. Restriction on driving or riding by young persons 62A. Restriction on driving certain categories of heavy motor vehicles 63. Rate of speed 64. Reckless or dangerous driving 65. Driving without due care or reasonable consideration 65AA. Court to order forfeiture of motor vehicle for reckless or dangerous driving, etc. 65A. Collision of heavy motor vehicles and public service vehicles with buildings or structures 65B. Use of mobile communication device while driving 66. [Repealed] 67. Driving while under influence of drink, etc. 67A. Enhanced penalties for offenders with previous convictions under certain sections 68. Being in charge of motor vehicle when under influence of drink, etc. 69. Preliminary breath tests 70. Provision of specimen for analysis 71. Protection of hospital patients 71A. Evidence in proceedings for offences under sections 67 and 68 71B. Deputy Commissioner of Police may require registered medical practitioner to send blood specimen for laboratory test 72. Interpretation of sections 67 to 71B, etc. 73. Pillion riding 74. Drivers and pillion riders of motor cycles to wear protective helmets 75. Wearing of seat belts 76. Sale of seat belts 77. Requirements as to employment of drivers and attendants 78. Restriction on number of trailers drawn 79. Offence for driving heavy motor vehicle without police escort 80. [Repealed] 81. Duty to give information 82. Amendment of Third Schedule 83. Liability of owner of vehicle for specified offence Division 2 — Accidents 84. Duty to stop in case of accident 85. Inquiry into accident Division 3 — Miscellaneous Section 86. Power of Authority to authorise carriage of greater weights on specified roads 87. Power to order production of vehicle and licence 88. Fee for inspection of vehicle 89. Rules prescribing fees 90. Test of satisfactory condition of vehicle 91. Vehicle without test certificate cannot be used 92. Power to inspect premises 93. Power to examine vehicles 94. Weighing of vehicles 95. Power to seize vehicles 95A. Power to immobilise or seize and detain vehicle belonging to person against whom warrant of arrest is in force 95B. Forfeiture by Authority of seized non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycles, etc. 96. Taking of motor vehicle without owner’s consent 97. Restriction on persons taking hold of motor vehicle in motion 98. Application to vehicles belonging to Government and armed forces PART 5 PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES 99. Application of this Part 100. Classification and descriptions of public service vehicles 101. Prohibition of use of unlicensed public service vehicles 102. Issue of public service vehicle licences 102A. Modification of public service vehicle licence conditions 102B. Appeal to Minister 103. Maximum number of new public service vehicle licences 104. Transfer of public service vehicle licences 105. Markings of public service vehicles 106. Rates of hire 107. Responsibility of owner of public service vehicles 108. Revocation and suspension of licences 109. Public stands 110. Vocational licences 110A. General suspension of participating bookable drivers 110B. Interpretation of sections 110A and 111 111. Rules for purposes of this Part PART 6 PROVISIONS AS TO USE OF HIGHWAYS 112. Issue by Minister of highway code for guidance of users of roads 113. Power to restrict use of vehicles on specified roads 114. Traffic regulation on special roads 114A. Regulation of use of excluded vehicles on expressways 115. Power of Authority temporarily to prohibit or restrict traffic on roads 116. Restriction of competitions and speed trials 117. Court to order forfeiture of vehicle 118. Power to prohibit or restrict use of vehicles on certain bridges 119. Power to place traffic signs 120. Duty to comply with traffic directions and traffic signs 121. Pedestrian crossings 122. Leaving vehicles in positions likely to cause danger, obstruction or undue inconvenience 123. Removal or immobilisation of abandoned or illegally parked vehicles, etc. 123A. Removal of stationary vehicles from expressways 124. Provisions with respect to stretching of ropes, etc., across roads 125. Application to vehicles and drivers in the service of Government 126. Goods vehicles not to be used for passengers 127. Power of arrest, stopping and detention 127A. Power to require evidence of identity in certain cases 127B. Screening, etc., bus passengers and entrants to bus interchanges 127C. Bringing dangerous items into bus or bus interchange 128. Police officer not in uniform to produce identification card PART 7 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 129. False statements, forging of licences, etc. 130. Presumptions 131. Offences and penalties 131A. Service of summonses and other documents 131B. Offences by bodies corporate, etc. 132. [Repealed] Section 133. Traffic ticket notice 134. Forms of notices for purposes of section 133 135. Composition of offences 136. Payment for licences by cheque 137. Moneys received under this Act 138. Registrar and Deputy Commissioner of Police to be informed of convictions 139. Provisions as to evidence 139AA. Court may take into account compounded offences for purposes of sentencing 139A. Authentication of documents 140. General provisions as to rules 141. Rules to be presented to Parliament 142. Power to exempt 142A. Designation of Minister of State and Parliamentary Secretary to hear appeals 142B. Authorisation of security officers to regulate traffic 143. Regulation of traffic in connection with events, etc. 144. Property left in public service vehicles 145. Protection from personal liability First Schedule — Specified Acts Second Schedule — Classification and descriptions of public service vehicles Third Schedule — Specified offences An Act for the regulation of road traffic and the use of vehicles and the user of roads and for other purposes connected therewith.
established under the Land Transport Authority of Singapore Act 1995; “automated vehicle technology” means any particular technology that — (a) relates to the design, construction or use of autonomous motor vehicles; or (b) otherwise relates to advances in the design or construction of autonomous motor vehicles; “autonomous motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle equipped wholly or substantially with an autonomous system (also commonly known as a driverless vehicle), and includes a trailer drawn by such a motor vehicle; “autonomous system”, for a motor vehicle, means a system that enables the operation of the motor vehicle without the active physical control of, or monitoring by, a human operator; “bicycle” means a vehicle that — (a) has 2 wheels held one behind the other in a frame; (b) is steered by handlebars attached to the front wheel; (c) has pedals; and (d) is built to be propelled solely by human power; “carriage of goods” includes the haulage of goods; “cart” includes a wagon, handcart or trolley used or constructed for the carriage of goods; “Commissioner of Police” means the public officer appointed under section 6(1) of the Police Force Act 2004; “company” means any company as defined in the Companies Act 1967 and includes any company to which Division 2 of Part 11 of that Act applies, any company formed pursuant to any other Act or by royal charter or letters patent, a limited liability partnership and any other body corporate formed or incorporated by or under any written law; “competency test certificate”, for a class or description of test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle, means — (a) for any road-only PAB — a certificate granted under section 47H(1) certifying that an individual has passed the prescribed test of competence for that class or description of power‑assisted bicycle; or (b) for any other test‑needed-to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle, which is either a bicycle or power‑assisted bicycle — a certificate granted under section 23F of the Active Mobility Act 2017 certifying that an individual has passed the test of competence prescribed under that Act for that class or description of bicycle or power‑assisted bicycle; “Deputy Commissioner of Police”, in relation to any provision of this Act or rules or any other subsidiary legislation made under this Act, means the Deputy Commissioner of Police designated by the Commissioner of Police for the purposes of that provision, and includes any police officer who — (a) is not below the rank of sergeant; and (b) is authorised under the hand of the Deputy Commissioner of Police for the purposes of that provision, to exercise the powers of that Deputy Commissioner of Police; “de‑registered vehicle” means a vehicle the registration of which has been cancelled by the Registrar under section 27(1); “diameter”, in relation to the wheel of a vehicle or trailer, means the overall diameter measured between the 2 opposite points on the surface of a tyre which are furthest apart; “driver” — (a) in relation to a trailer, includes a driver of a vehicle by which the trailer is drawn, and “drive” is to be construed accordingly; (b) where a separate person acts as a steersman of a motor vehicle, includes that person as well as any other person engaged in the driving of the vehicle, and “drive” is to be construed accordingly; and (c) includes the rider of a bicycle and any person propelling a tricycle or trishaw or pushing or pulling a cart, and “drive” is to be construed accordingly; “driving licence” means a licence to drive a motor vehicle granted under the provisions of Part 2; “exempt ride‑hail service operator” has the meaning given by the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; “fare”, in relation to a public service vehicle, includes — (a) the amount of any rate, fee, levy and charge and any other valuable consideration (however described) for a journey by the public service vehicle; and (b) the provision of, or arrangements for, a discount, concession, allowance, rebate or credit applying in relation to any amount in paragraph (a); “foreign driving licence” means a driving licence or permit (not being a provisional driving licence or permit) issued by a competent authority in another country between which and Singapore there is in force a treaty for the recognition of driving licences or permits issued in the countries which are parties to the treaty; “goods” includes goods or burden of any description; “goods vehicle” means a motor vehicle constructed or adapted for use for the carriage of goods or a trailer so constructed or adapted; “Minister” means — (a) except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c), the Minister charged with the responsibility for land transport; (b) for the purposes of the whole of Parts 2 and 3 and sections 75(1), 82, 112(1), (3) and (4), 113(1) and (2), 114(1), 116(2), 121(2) and 143(3) and (11), the Minister charged with the responsibility for law and order; and (c) for the purposes of sections 131B(7), 135(2), 140(1) and (2), 142 and 142A(1), the Minister charged with the responsibility for land transport or the Minister charged with the responsibility for law and order, as appropriate; “mobility scooter” and “motorised wheelchair” have the meanings given by the Active Mobility Act 2017; “motor fuel” has the meaning given by the Customs Act 1960; “motor vehicle” means a vehicle that — (a) is propelled wholly or partly by a motor or by any means other than human or animal power; and (b) is used or intended to be used on any road; “on‑demand passenger transport service” and “on‑demand ride booking service” have the meanings given by the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; “outsourced enforcement officer”, in relation to any provision of this Act or subsidiary legislation made under this Act, means an individual who — (a) is appointed under section 11 of the Land Transport Authority of Singapore Act 1995; (b) is authorised by or under that Act to exercise any powers under any provision of this Act or subsidiary legislation made under this Act, as the case may be; and (c) is acting within that authorisation; “owner”, in relation to a vehicle which is the subject of a hiring agreement or hire purchase agreement, means the person in possession of the vehicle under that agreement; “paid driver” means a person who drives a motor vehicle in return for a salary or other remuneration; “park” means to bring a motor vehicle or a trailer to a stationary position and cause it to wait for any purpose other than that of immediately taking up or setting down persons, goods or luggage; “parking place” has the meaning given by the Parking Places Act 1974; “participate”, in relation to an autonomous motor vehicle trial regulated under section 6C, means — (a) undertake the trial; or (b) operate an autonomous motor vehicle in the trial; “personal mobility device” has the meaning given by the Active Mobility Act 2017; “police officer” includes any person employed for police duties in the Singapore Police Force constituted under the Police Force Act 2004; “power‑assisted bicycle” means a bicycle that — (a) is equipped with an electric motor; and (b) may be propelled by human power or by the electric motor with which it is equipped, or by both; “prescribed test of competence”, in relation to riding a test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle on a road, means — (a) for any road‑only PAB — a test of subject matter prescribed by rules made under section 48 to test an individual’s knowledge of safe driving or riding practices and law on public paths and roads; or (b) for any other test‑needed-to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle — a test of subject matter prescribed by regulations made under the Active Mobility Act 2017 to test, for the purposes of Division 2A of Part 3 of that Act, an individual’s knowledge of safe driving or riding practices and law on public paths and roads; “public place” means any place or premises, whether privately owned or not, to which the general public or any section of the general public is permitted to have access, whether on payment or otherwise; “public service vehicle” means a vehicle used or kept for use for the carriage, for hire or reward, of — (a) in the case of a motor car which does not ply for hire on any road but is hired under a contract, express or implied, for the use of the car as a whole, the driver of the car or any passenger; or (b) in any other case, any passenger, but excludes any vehicle constructed for use on fixed rails or specially prepared ways; “registered medical practitioner” has the meaning given by the Medical Registration Act 1997; “Registrar” means the Registrar of Vehicles or the Deputy Registrar or an assistant registrar appointed under section 9; “replacement vehicle” means a vehicle to which a permit issued under section 10A for another vehicle has been transferred pursuant to rules made under section 10A(4)(ha); “ride‑hail service” has the meaning given by the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; “road” means any public road and any other road to which the public has access, and includes — (a) any road within Pulau Bukom; (b) any road within the limits of any installation of the Singapore Armed Forces declared by the Minister by notification in the Gazette to be an installation to which this Act applies; (c) any bridge over which a road passes; and (d) any road, to which the public does not have access, which the Minister charged with the responsibility for transport prescribes, by notification in the Gazette, to be a road to which this Act applies; “road‑only PAB” means a power‑assisted bicycle that — (a) is within a class or description that is prescribed in rules made under section 48 for the purposes of section 47G(1); and (b) is not intended for use on any public path within the meaning of the Active Mobility Act 2017; “rules” means rules made under this Act; “security officer” means a licensed security officer within the meaning of the Private Security Industry Act 2007 who is authorised by the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Authority (as appropriate) under section 142B to regulate traffic under any provision of this Act; “street‑hail service” has the meaning given by the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; “street‑hail service licence” means a street‑hail service licence granted under the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019 to provide a street‑hail service; “street‑hail service licensee” means a person to whom a street‑hail service licence is granted (on renewal or otherwise) or deemed granted under the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; “test authority”, for a class or description of a road‑only PAB, means an individual designated by the Minister charged with the responsibility for law and order to be a test authority for that class or description of test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle; “test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle” means — (a) a bicycle or power‑assisted bicycle within a class or description of bicycle or power‑assisted bicycle that is prescribed for the purposes of Division 2A of Part 3 of the Active Mobility Act 2017; or (b) a road‑only PAB; “trailer” means a vehicle drawn by a motor vehicle; “tricycle” means a vehicle with 3 wheels that — (a) has pedals; (b) is built to be propelled solely by human power by use of those pedals; and (c) is constructed or adapted for the carriage of goods only; “use” means use on a road; “vehicle” means any vehicle whether mechanically propelled or otherwise; “weight unladen” means the weight of a vehicle inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken where alternative bodies or parts are used) which are necessary to or ordinarily used with the vehicle when working on a road but exclusive of any driver or attendant. [24/2010; 25/2011; 7/2012; 37/2012; 23/2013; 28/2014; 31/2015; 3/2017; 10/2017; 38/2018; 2/2019; 20/2019; 12/2021]
For the purposes of this Act, except section 38, a person is a resident of Singapore, or is deemed to have taken up residence in Singapore, if the person resides in Singapore for a continuous period of 6 months and any temporary period or periods of absence during that period of 6 months is immaterial. [24/2010]
REGISTRATION AND LICENSING OF VEHICLES
(a) heavy locomotives; that is to say, motor vehicles which are not constructed themselves to carry any load (other than water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment and materials used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment) and the weight of which unladen exceeds 11,500 kilograms; (b) light locomotives; that is to say, motor vehicles which are not constructed themselves to carry any load (other than any of the articles specified in paragraph (a)) and the weight of which unladen does not exceed 11,500 kilograms but exceeds 7,250 kilograms; (c) motor tractors; that is to say, motor vehicles which are not constructed themselves to carry any load (other than any of the articles specified in paragraph (a)) and the weight of which unladen does not exceed 7,250 kilograms; (d) heavy motor cars; that is to say, motor vehicles (not being vehicles classified under this section as motor cars) which are constructed themselves to carry a load or passengers and the weight of which unladen exceeds 2,500 kilograms; (e) motor cars; that is to say, motor vehicles (not being vehicles classified under this section as motor cycles) which are constructed themselves to carry a load or passengers and the weight of which unladen — (i) does not exceed 3,000 kilograms in the case of motor vehicles which are — (A) constructed solely for the carriage of passengers and their effects; (B) adapted to carry not more than 7 passengers exclusive of the driver; and (C) fitted with tyres of the prescribed type; and (ii) in any other case does not exceed 2,500 kilograms; (f) motor cycles and power‑assisted bicycles; that is to say, motor vehicles with less than 4 wheels and the weight of which unladen does not exceed 400 kilograms; (g) invalid carriages; that is to say, motor vehicles which are specially designed and constructed and not merely adapted for the use of persons suffering from some physical disability and are used solely by those persons and the weight of which unladen does not exceed 250 kilograms. [3/2017]
The Authority may make rules for subdividing any class of motor vehicles whether according to weight, construction, nature of tyres, use or otherwise and making different provision with respect to each subdivision and varying in respect of any class the maximum or minimum weight fixed by this section.
Any reference in this Part to a class of motor vehicles includes a reference to any subdivision of such a class.
For the purposes of this Part — (a) in any case where a motor vehicle is so constructed that a trailer may by partial superimposition be attached to the vehicle in such manner as to cause a substantial part of the weight of the trailer to be borne by the vehicle, that vehicle is deemed to be a vehicle itself constructed to carry a load; (b) in the case of a motor vehicle fitted with a crane, dynamo, welding plant or other special appliance or apparatus which is a permanent or essentially permanent fixture, the appliance or apparatus is not to be deemed to constitute a load but is deemed to form part of the vehicle; and (c) a side-car attached to a motor cycle is, if it complies with the prescribed conditions, to be regarded as forming part of the vehicle to which it is attached and not as being a trailer.
construction, weight and equipment applicable to the class or description of vehicles to which the vehicle or trailer belongs.
The Authority may, by notification in the Gazette, authorise, subject to any restrictions and conditions that may be specified in the notification, the use of special vehicles or trailers or special types of vehicles or trailers which are constructed either for special purposes or for tests or trials and of new or improved types of vehicles or trailers whether wheeled or wheel-less.
The Authority may at any time revoke, vary or amend a notification made under this section. (3A) Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply to or in relation to the use of wholly or substantially autonomous motor vehicles operated with automated vehicle technology. [10/2017]
Subject to this section, it is not lawful to sell or to supply or to offer to sell or supply a vehicle or trailer for delivery in such a condition that the use thereof in that condition would be unlawful by virtue of this section.
A person who alters (whether in the course of repair or otherwise) a vehicle or trailer so as to render its condition such that the use of the vehicle or trailer in that condition would be unlawful by virtue of this section, shall be guilty of an offence. [10/2017] (5A) It is presumed, until the contrary is proved, that a person alters (whether in the course of repair or otherwise) a vehicle or trailer as to render its condition such that the use of the vehicle or trailer in that condition would be unlawful by virtue of this section (called in this section non‑compliant) if it is proved — (a) that the accused had possession of the vehicle or trailer; (b) that the vehicle or trailer was not non‑compliant when the accused acquired possession of it; and (c) that at that time or soon after the vehicle or trailer (as the case may be) ceased to be in the accused’s possession, the vehicle or trailer is non‑compliant. [10/2017] (5B) In this section, “alter” includes causing or authorising a person to alter, and offering to alter. [10/2017]
If a vehicle or trailer is used or is sold, supplied, offered or altered in contravention of this section, any person who so uses the vehicle or trailer or causes or permits the vehicle or trailer to be so used or so sells, supplies, offers or alters it or causes or permits it to be so sold, supplied, offered or altered shall be guilty of an offence.
Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (5) or
shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [10/2017] (7AA) Despite subsection (7), where the vehicle involved in an offence is a power-assisted bicycle, then a person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (5) or (6) shall be liable on conviction — (a) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 24 months or to both; but (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $40,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 48 months or to both; or (b) in any other case — (i) to a fine not exceeding $40,000; but (ii) where the person is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $80,000. [9/2020] (7A) Where in any proceedings relating to an offence under subsection (6), it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that a vehicle or trailer is used or caused or permitted to be used in contravention of this section, the court may, upon the application of the Public Prosecutor, make an order for the vehicle or trailer to be detained for a period not exceeding 3 months (called in this section the detention period) by the Registrar or an authorised officer. [37/2012] (7B) Any vehicle or trailer detained pursuant to subsection (7A) must be kept at such place of safety as may be determined by the Registrar or an authorised officer. [37/2012] (7C) The Registrar or an authorised officer shall not be liable for — (a) any damage to or loss of a vehicle or trailer during the period when the vehicle or trailer is in the possession of the Registrar or the authorised officer which is not wilfully or negligently caused by the Registrar or the authorised officer in the exercise of his or her powers under this section; or (b) any depreciation in the value of the vehicle or trailer because of the detention of the vehicle or trailer. [37/2012] (7D) At the end of the detention period of any vehicle or trailer, the Registrar or an authorised officer must, as soon as is reasonably practicable, notify the person in whose name the vehicle or trailer is registered that the vehicle or trailer is released from detention and of the procedure by which the person may secure the release of the vehicle or trailer. [37/2012] (7E) If the vehicle or trailer is not claimed by the person notified under subsection (7D), or another person authorised in writing by that person, within 3 calendar days after the date of its release as stated in the notice in subsection (7D), the person notified under that subsection shall be liable for all charges reasonably incurred by the Registrar or an authorised officer in storing the vehicle or trailer in the place of safety thereafter. [37/2012] (7F) Any person who, without lawful authority, removes or causes to be removed any vehicle or trailer from the place of safety at which it is detained during its detention period shall be guilty of an offence. [37/2012] (7G) If any vehicle or trailer detained pursuant to subsection (7A) is not claimed by or on behalf of the person notified under subsection (7D), the Registrar or an authorised officer may, after giving one month’s notice in the Gazette of his or her intention to do so, sell the vehicle or trailer by public auction or otherwise dispose of the vehicle or trailer in any manner that he or she thinks fit. [37/2012] (7H) The proceeds (if any) from the sale or disposal of any such vehicle or trailer under subsection (7G) must be applied — (a) firstly, in payment of any licence fee which may be due in respect of the vehicle or trailer; (b) secondly, in payment of expenses occasioned by the sale or disposal and any charges reasonably incurred in storing, detaining or otherwise carrying out the provisions of this section; and (c) thirdly, any damage caused to any property of the Government by the unlawful use of the vehicle or trailer, and the surplus (if any) must be paid to the person in whose name the vehicle or trailer was registered at the time of its sale or disposal or, if not claimed by such person within 12 months after the date of the sale or disposal, is forfeited to the Government. [37/2012] (7I) The Registrar or an authorised officer may reject any transfer of ownership or cancellation of registration of a vehicle or trailer if the Registrar or the authorised officer has reason to believe that any person is guilty of an offence under subsection (6). [37/2012]
In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (6) in respect of the sale, supply, offer or alteration of a vehicle or trailer, it is a defence to any prosecution for an offence under this section, if the accused proves, on a balance of probabilities, that — (a) a contract or arrangement has been entered into, or an understanding has been arrived at, for the non‑compliant vehicle or trailer to be exported (whether or not the accused is a party to that contract, arrangement or understanding); (b) the accused sells the non‑compliant vehicle or trailer in the course of, or for the purpose of, the non‑compliant vehicle or trailer being exported; and (c) the accused does not offer that non‑compliant vehicle or trailer for sale in Singapore and the sale is not a retail sale. [3/2017]
It is also a defence to any prosecution for an offence under this section, if the accused proves, on a balance of probabilities, that — (a) the accused had received from the person to whom the non‑compliant vehicle or trailer was sold, evidence purporting to show that the person does not intend to use the vehicle or trailer on any road; and (b) it was reasonable to, and the accused did accept, that evidence as correct. [3/2017]
In this section — “authorised officer” means any employee of the Authority who is duly authorised by the Registrar in writing to act under this section; “non‑compliant vehicle or trailer” means a vehicle or trailer which does not comply with the rules as to construction, weight and equipment applicable to the class or description of vehicles to which the vehicle or trailer belongs; “repeat offender”, for an offence under subsection (5) or (6) involving a power-assisted bicycle read with subsection (7AA), means a person who — (a) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and (b) has been convicted or found guilty (whether before, on or after 3 April 2020) of an offence under subsection (5) or (6) (whether involving a power‑assisted bicycle) on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence. [3/2017; 9/2020] time. [3/2017; 38/2018]
However, subsection (1) does not apply to an individual who is crossing a road in or on a personal mobility device, a mobility scooter or a motorised wheelchair — (a) if the individual crosses the road by the shortest safe route, and does not stay on the road longer than necessary to cross the road safely; or (b) if — (i) there is, in the case of a rider of a personal mobility device, an obstruction on a shared path or footpath (within the meaning of the Active Mobility Act 2017) adjacent to the road (called an adjacent area), or there is an obstruction on any public path (within the meaning of that Act) adjacent to the road (also called an adjacent area) in the case of a driver of a mobility scooter or a motorised wheelchair; (ii) it is impracticable to travel on the adjacent area; and (iii) the individual travels no more than reasonably necessary along the road to avoid the obstruction. [3/2017; 38/2018]
An individual who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; and (b) if the individual is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [3/2017] the mobility scooter or motorised wheelchair, is towed by a motor vehicle or is otherwise holding on to a motor vehicle. [38/2018]
An individual who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; and (b) if the individual is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [3/2017]
(a) to regulate the width, height, wheel base, length and overhang of vehicles and trailers and the load carried thereby, the diameter of wheels and the width, nature and condition of tyres of vehicles and trailers and to prohibit the use of any tyres likely to cause damage to the roads; (b) to prohibit excessive noise due to the design or condition of the motor vehicle or trailer or the loading thereof; (c) to regulate the maximum weight unladen of heavy locomotives and heavy motor cars and the maximum weight laden of motor vehicles and trailers and the maximum weight to be transmitted to the road or any specified area thereof by a motor vehicle or trailer of any class or description or by any part or parts of the vehicle or trailer in contact with the road and the conditions under which the weights may be required to be tested; (d) to prescribe the particulars to be marked on vehicles and trailers; (e) to specify the number and nature of springs and brakes on vehicles and trailers and to secure that springs, brakes, silencers and steering gear are efficient and kept in proper working order and for empowering any person or classes of persons named or described in those rules to test and inspect those springs, brakes, silencers and steering gear on a road or, subject to the consent of the occupier of the premises, on any premises; (f) to regulate the appliances to be fitted — (i) for signalling the approach of a vehicle or enabling the driver of a motor vehicle to become aware of the approach of another vehicle from the rear; (ii) for intimating any intended change of speed or direction of a motor vehicle; or (iii) for measuring or indicating or measuring and indicating the amount of motor fuel in any fuel tank of a motor vehicle, and to regulate or prohibit the use of any such appliance and to secure that they are efficient and kept in proper working order; (g) to regulate the lights to be carried by vehicles and trailers whether in respect of the nature of such lights, the positions in which they must be fixed and the periods during which they must be lighted or otherwise; (h) to prescribe the safety equipment to be installed in vehicles; (i) to control, in connection with the use of a motor vehicle, the emission of smoke, oily substance, ashes, water, steam, visible vapour, noxious fumes, sparks, cinders, gas or grit; (j) to regulate the towing or drawing of vehicles by motor vehicles and the manner of attachments; (k) to prohibit in connection with the use of a motor vehicle the use of any appliance or the commission of any act which is likely to cause annoyance or danger; (l) to regulate the number of trailers that may be attached in train to any motor vehicle, the manner of attachment and the manner in which the trailers are kept under control and the maximum weight thereof; (m) to prescribe the number of persons to be employed in driving or attending motor vehicles or trailers and to regulate the duties and conduct of those persons; (n) to prescribe a maximum speed for motor vehicles of any class or description and to provide for exemption in special cases; and (o) to regulate or prohibit either generally or in specified areas or roads and either at all times or between specified hours the use of horns or other warning appliances. [25/2011]
The Authority may make different rules for different classes or descriptions of vehicles for the same class or description of vehicles in different circumstances.
The Authority may by such rules confer on the Registrar or an authorised officer a discretion to waive, in any particular case, the operation of any rules made under this section subject to any conditions that the Registrar or the authorised officer may impose. [37/2012]
In this section, “authorised officer” means any employee of the Authority, or any other person, who is duly authorised by the Registrar in writing to carry out any particular function or to exercise any particular power under any rules made under this section. [37/2012] equipment from duly measuring or indicating the quantity of motor fuel in any fuel supply tank of the motor vehicle. [25/2011]
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months.
Where there is found any artificial or mechanical means which, either alone or in conjunction with additional artificial or mechanical means not found, could be used for altering or facilitating the alteration of the index of the fuel-measuring equipment, or which would make the fuel-measuring equipment false or unjust in measuring or indicating the quantity of motor fuel in any fuel supply tank of that motor vehicle, the person having custody or control of the motor vehicle at the time the artificial or mechanical means are found is presumed, until the contrary is proved, to have abetted the alteration of the fuel-measuring equipment in contravention of subsection (1). [25/2011]
In this section and section 6B, “fuel-measuring equipment”, in relation to a motor vehicle, means any instrument or appliance, or a combination of instruments or appliances, capable of or constructed for measuring or indicating or measuring and indicating the quantity of motor fuel in any fuel supply tank of the motor vehicle and includes in particular any fuel gauge or fuel sensoring device. [25/2011; 23/2013] motor vehicle shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months. [23/2013]
In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it is presumed until the contrary is proved — (a) that the person in charge of a motor vehicle has attempted to leave Singapore in the motor vehicle if the motor vehicle is driven past the Customs gantry before the departure bay of the Immigration Checkpoint at any place prescribed for the purposes of section 136 of the Customs Act 1960; and (b) that the person in charge of a motor vehicle knew that the fuel‑measuring equipment of the motor vehicle has been altered for the purpose of preventing it from duly measuring or indicating the quantity of motor fuel in the fuel supply tank if there is found in the motor vehicle or on him or her, at the time he or she leaves or attempts to leave Singapore in the motor vehicle, any artificial or mechanical means which, either alone or in conjunction with additional artificial or mechanical means (whether or not found) — (i) could be used for altering or facilitating the alteration of the index of the fuel‑measuring equipment of the motor vehicle; or (ii) would make the fuel‑measuring equipment false or unjust in measuring or indicating the quantity of motor fuel in any fuel supply tank of the motor vehicle. [23/2013] (a) provide for the regulation by the Authority of — (i) the undertaking of any trial of automated vehicle technology or an autonomous motor vehicle on any road (called in this section and sections 6D and 6E an approved trial), despite section 5; or (ii) the use on a road of an autonomous motor vehicle (called in this section and sections 6D and 6E an approved special use), despite section 5; (b) require the person authorised under the rules to undertake the approved trial or carry out the approved special use (called in this section and section 6D the specified person) — (i) to have in place liability insurance before the approved trial or approved special use starts, and to ensure that it is in force at all times during the period of the approved trial or approved special use; or (ii) to deposit with the Authority a security of a type, and of an amount not lower than an amount, prescribed in those rules; (c) require the specified person to cause to be published (at the person’s cost), before the approved trial or approved special use starts, a notice about the approved trial or approved special use, in a manner as will secure adequate publicity for the approved trial or approved special use, including — (i) the area or areas of Singapore in which the trial or special use is approved to be undertaken or carried out; (ii) the period during which the trial or special use is approved to take place; and (iii) the name of each person participating in the approved trial or who may carry out the approved special use; (d) provide for grant of an authorisation by the Authority to the specified person to undertake an approved trial or carry out an approved special use to be subject to conditions, and for the modification of those conditions by the Authority from time to time after affording the specified person concerned a reasonable opportunity to be heard; (e) limit the period that an approved trial or approved special use may be undertaken or carried out; (f) prescribe the weather and any climatic or other circumstances when an approved trial or approved special use may or may not be undertaken or carried out, as the case may be; (g) prescribe the construction, design or use of infrastructure technology, equipment or devices in relation to the autonomous motor vehicle or automated vehicle technology involved in the approved trial or approved special use, including requiring that the vehicle — (i) be equipped to capture and store sensor data and video footage from the vehicle; and (ii) have a failure alert system that allows a specified person or participant in the approved trial or approved special use to take immediate manual control of the vehicle when a failure of the autonomous system or other emergency is detected; (h) prescribe the use of the autonomous motor vehicles in the approved trial or approved special use, and their construction, design and equipment, for the safety of other road users or for public safety or both; (i) require the keeping of records by the specified person, and the giving of information to the Authority or any other person designated by the Authority (such as sensor data and video footage from the autonomous motor vehicle) about the approved trial or approved special use undertaken or carried out, including the automated vehicle technology involved in the trial or special use; (j) provide the grounds under which any authorisation granted under the rules to undertake an approved trial or carry out an approved special use may be cancelled in whole or part, or suspended in whole or part, after affording the specified person concerned a reasonable opportunity to be heard unless it is not practicable or desirable to do so in the circumstances of the case, including if — (i) the Authority is of the opinion that it is no longer in the public interest for the approved trial or approved special use to continue; or (ii) the specified person authorised to undertake the approved trial or carry out the approved special use contravenes or has contravened, or fails or has failed to comply with, a condition of its authorisation, a condition of an exemption contained in the rules or any other provision in the rules; (k) provide for a right to appeal to the Minister (whose decision on appeal is final) against any decision made by the Authority under the rules cancelling or suspending any authorisation granted under the rules to undertake an approved trial or carry out an approved special use, and the procedure for those appeals; (l) prescribe the fees (either by specifying amounts or by prescribing a method of calculation) in relation to applications or requests to, or the doing of anything by, the Authority under the rules made under this section; (m) provide that any contravention of any provision of the rules made under this section shall be an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $10,000; and (n) prescribe any saving and transitional provisions that may be necessary or expedient. [10/2017]
In making any rules under this section for an approved trial or approved special use, the Minister must take reasonable steps to prevent information — (a) that is commercially sensitive in nature; and (b) that is the subject of a request to the Minister by a person connected with the approved trial or approved special use, or the proposed approved trial or proposed approved special use, for the information to be kept confidential, from being published or otherwise made public under this Part. [10/2017]
This section and all rules made under this section continue in force until the end of 24 August 2027. [12/2021]
The Minister may at any time before the end of the period mentioned in subsection (3), revoke or amend any rules made under this section and without affording anyone prior opportunity to be heard. [10/2017]
All rules made under this section must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette. [10/2017]
In this section, “liability insurance”, in relation to an approved trial or approved special use, means a policy of insurance indemnifying the owner and any authorised driver or operator of a vehicle or trailer used in that trial or special use — (a) in relation to death or bodily injury caused by, or arising out of, the use of the vehicle or trailer on a road; and (b) in relation to damage to property caused by, or arising out of, the use of the vehicle or trailer on a road. [10/2017] (a) exempt (with or without conditions) from the application of section 5 or other specified provisions of this Act or its subsidiary legislation, or any other applicable written law, any of the following: (i) the specified person authorised to undertake the approved trial or carry out the approved special use; (ii) any other person or class of persons participating in the approved trial or carrying out the approved special use; (iii) any vehicle or trailer used in the approved trial or approved special use; and (b) provide for the application of specified provisions of this Act or its subsidiary legislation, or any other applicable written law, affecting — (i) the specified person authorised to undertake the approved trial or carry out the approved special use; (ii) any other person or class of persons participating in the approved trial or carrying out the approved special use; or (iii) any vehicle or trailer used in the approved trial or approved special use, with prescribed exceptions, modifications and adaptations. [10/2017; 20/2019]
Where a provision of this Act or its subsidiary legislation mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (b) is not a law which the Minister is charged with the responsibility for, the Minister must consult with the Minister charged with the responsibility for law and order before granting the exemption or modifying the provision, as the case may be. [10/2017]
If a person contravenes or fails to comply with a condition of an exemption contained in any rules made under section 6C, the exemption does not, while the contravention or non‑compliance continues, operate in that person’s favour. [10/2017]
If, by virtue of subsection (3), a person is guilty of an offence under a provision of this Act or its subsidiary legislation from which the person was exempted by an exemption, the person may be proceeded against for that offence. [10/2017]
In this section, “other applicable written law” means — (a) the Bus Services Industry Act 2015; (b) the Motor Vehicles (Third‑Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960; (c) the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; or (d) the Public Transport Council Act 1987. [20/2019] (a) hinders or obstructs an approved trial or the carrying out of an approved special use; or (b) interferes with any equipment or device in or on an autonomous motor vehicle, or relating to any automated vehicle technology, used in an approved trial or approved special use, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. [10/2017]
In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it is a defence for the defendant to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the defendant did not know, and could not reasonably have known, that the activity that caused the hindrance, obstruction or interference would cause the hindrance, obstruction or interference, as the case may be. [10/2017]
To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the operation of the Computer Misuse Act 1993. [10/2017; 9/2018]
or be deemed to affect the liability by virtue of any act or otherwise of the driver or owner so using such a vehicle.
Registrar of Vehicles who must carry out any duties that may be assigned to him or her under this Act and the rules. [10/2017]
The Authority may appoint from among its officers a Deputy Registrar and any number of assistant registrars that may be required for the purposes of this Act.
The Authority may give to the Registrar any directions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, that it may consider necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Part, and may vary or revoke those directions, and the Registrar must comply with any directions so given.
The Registrar must make publicly available the forms of licences and of applications for the licences and all declarations, notices, returns, books of accounts and other documents required by the rules or otherwise by law required with respect to any matter to which this Act relates. [10/2017]
[10/2017]
The Registrar may charge any fees that may be prescribed for the registration of a vehicle under this Act.
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [10/2017] Act unless there is in force a permit issued by the Registrar authorising the registration of the vehicle. [10/2017]
Except as otherwise provided by this Act or the rules, a permit must be issued upon the payment of a levy. [10/2017]
The Minister may by notification in the Gazette, prescribe a limit on the number of permits to be issued by the Registrar under subsection (1) and the Minister may prescribe different limits for vehicles belonging to any category, class or description.
The Minister may make rules for carrying out or giving effect to this section and, in particular, the rules may — (a) provide for the issue of permits under this section to successful applicants who submitted bids for the permits; (b) require fees and deposits to be paid for the submission of applications for the issue of permits under this section, and provide for the forfeiture of deposits for non-compliance with any conditions governing the submission of such applications; (c) prescribe the levy, or the method or manner for determining the amount of the levy, payable for a permit issued or transferred under this section; (d) prescribe the period for which a permit issued under this section is in force and different periods may be prescribed for vehicles belonging to different categories, classes or descriptions; (e) prescribe the conditions upon which permits are issued or transferred under this section; (f) provide for a rebate on all or any part of the levy payable for the issue or transfer of a permit under this section, in such circumstances as may be permitted by the rules; (g) provide for the cancellation of a permit issued or transferred under this section and the refund of all or part of the levy paid for the issue or transfer of the permit in such circumstances as may be permitted by the rules; (h) provide for the transfer of permits under this section at any time prior to the registration of a vehicle authorised by the permit; (ha) provide for the transfer of permits under this section to facilitate the replacement of defective vehicles; (i) provide for the issue of permits, whether with or without the payment of a levy, for vehicles which were registered under this Act prior to 2 April 1990; (j) provide for the renewal of a permit before or after its expiry and the levy and any other fee to be paid therefor; (k) exempt any particular vehicle or class of vehicles from the payment of the levy for a permit issued or transferred under this section; and (l) provide for all matters which are required or permitted to be prescribed or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this section. [7/2012] satisfies the Registrar that the person has been issued by the relevant authority under the Parking Places Act 1974 with a vehicle parking certificate or any other document in respect of the parking of the heavy vehicle for the period for which the heavy vehicle is to be licensed.
In this section and sections 19(3)(f) and 34(1)(r), “heavy vehicle” has the meaning given by the Parking Places Act 1974. [4/2006]
(a) the first registration of every vehicle under this Act; (aa) the registration under this Act of a de‑registered vehicle; and (b) every vehicle used or kept on any road in Singapore. [23/2013; 10/2017]
The tax must be paid upon a licence to be taken out by the person keeping the vehicle.
The tax chargeable under subsection (1)(a) or (aa) in respect of a vehicle is of such an amount as the Minister may prescribe and the Minister may prescribe different taxes for vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or vehicles used for different purposes. [23/2013]
The tax chargeable under subsection (1)(b) in respect of a vehicle of any description is chargeable by reference to such annual or semi-annual rate as may be prescribed by the Minister from time to time.
Any rates prescribed by the Minister may be so made to apply only to vehicles of a specified class, category or description and the Minister may prescribe different rates for vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or vehicles used for different purposes.
The Minister may, subject to any conditions that he or she thinks fit to impose, prescribe — (a) a rebate on all or any part of the tax payable for vehicles of a specified class, category or description; and (b) different rates of rebate or the methods for determining the amount of the rebate for vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or vehicles used for different purposes.
For the purposes of the tax, insofar as it is chargeable in respect of the use or keeping of a vehicle on a road, a vehicle is deemed — (a) to be chargeable with the like tax as on the occasion of the issue of the vehicle licence or last vehicle licence issued for the vehicle under this Act, and to be so chargeable by reference to the prescribed rate applicable to the vehicle on that occasion; or (b) if no vehicle licence has been issued for the vehicle under this Act, to be chargeable by reference to the prescribed rate applicable to the vehicle. (7A) In respect of a replacement vehicle — (a) the tax chargeable under subsection (1)(a) applies as if the replacement vehicle had been first registered under this Act on the same date as the defective vehicle which it replaced; and (b) the tax chargeable under subsection (1)(b) applies as if the replacement vehicle had been used or kept on any road in Singapore since that same date. [7/2012]
Nothing in this section operates so as to render lawful the keeping of a vehicle for any period, in any manner or at any place, if to do so would be unlawful apart from this section.
Any person who gives any incorrect information in relation to any matter affecting the amount of tax chargeable under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, and the court shall order the person to also pay the amount of tax which has been undercharged. [12/2021] (9A) The amount of tax undercharged which is ordered under subsection (9) to be paid may be recovered according to the law for the time being in force for the recovery of fines. [12/2021]
The Registrar may compound any offence punishable under subsection (9) by collecting from the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding $1,000 and the amount of the tax undercharged, and may before judgment stay or compound any proceedings thereunder. (a) that is within a prescribed class or category, or of a prescribed description; and (b) that has an emission level for any prescribed vehicular emission (including a deemed emission level) that exceeds the maximum level of the neutral emission band prescribed for the vehicle. [24/2017]
The vehicular emissions tax under subsection (1) — (a) must be paid upon the first registration of a taxable vehicle by the person keeping the taxable vehicle; and (b) is the amount prescribed for that taxable vehicle. [37/2012; 24/2017]
Where a person who is registered as the owner of a vehicle (called in this section the replaced vehicle) replaces that vehicle with another vehicle (called in this section the replacement vehicle) that is a taxable vehicle, the person must pay a tax — (a) of an amount by which the vehicular emissions tax chargeable on the replacement vehicle (calculated for the purposes of this subsection as if the replacement vehicle was first registered on the same date as the replaced vehicle), exceeds the vehicular emissions tax chargeable on the replaced vehicle; or (b) if any carbon emissions tax was chargeable on the replaced vehicle, of an amount by which the carbon emissions tax chargeable on the replacement vehicle (calculated for the purposes of this subsection as if the replacement vehicle was first registered on the same date as the replaced vehicle), exceeds the carbon emissions tax chargeable on the replaced vehicle. [24/2017]
The difference in tax mentioned in subsection (3) is payable to the Registrar without demand within the prescribed time from the date the Registrar registers the particulars of the replacement vehicle. [37/2012]
The Minister may, subject to any conditions that he or she thinks fit to impose, prescribe — (a) a rebate on all or any part of the tax payable under section 11(1)(a) for any taxable vehicle that has an emission level for any one or more prescribed vehicular emissions, that is below the minimum level of the neutral emission band prescribed for that emission in relation to a vehicle of that class, category or description, or used for a particular purpose; and (b) different amounts of rebate or different methods for determining the amount of the rebate for taxable vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or used for different purposes. [24/2017]
The Minister may make rules for carrying out or giving effect to this section and for prescribing anything which may be prescribed under this section and, in particular, the rules may — (a) prescribe different amounts of vehicular emissions tax chargeable for taxable vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or used for different purposes; (b) prescribe different neutral emission bands for different prescribed vehicular emissions; (c) prescribe different neutral emission bands for vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or used for different purposes; and (d) provide for the method or criteria for the method of determining or deeming the emission level of any prescribed vehicular emission of any taxable vehicle, and provide different methods or criteria for taxable vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or used for different purposes. [24/2017]
Nothing in this section operates so as to render lawful the keeping of a vehicle for any period, in any manner or at any place, if to do so would be unlawful apart from this section. [37/2012]
Any person who gives any incorrect information in relation to any matter affecting the amount of vehicular emissions tax chargeable or any rebate that may be granted under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, and the court shall order the person to also pay the amount of vehicular emissions tax, or the tax payable under section 11(1)(a), which has been undercharged. [37/2012; 24/2017; 12/2021] (8A) The amount of the vehicular emissions tax, or the tax payable under section 11(1)(a), which has been undercharged and ordered under subsection (8) to be paid may be recovered according to the law for the time being in force for the recovery of fines. [12/2021]
The Registrar may — (a) compound any offence punishable under subsection (8) by collecting from the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence — (i) a sum not exceeding $1,000; and (ii) the amount of the vehicular emissions tax, or the tax payable under section 11(1)(a), which has been undercharged; and (b) compound any offence punishable under subsection (8) as in force immediately before 1 January 2018, by collecting from the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence — (i) a sum not exceeding $1,000; and (ii) the amount of the carbon emissions tax, or the tax payable under section 11(1)(a), which has been undercharged, and may before judgment stay or compound any proceedings thereunder. [24/2017]
In this section — “carbon emissions tax” means the tax chargeable under section 11AA(1) as in force immediately before 1 January 2018; “neutral emission band”, in respect of any vehicular emission, means the range of emissions from a minimum level to a maximum level, prescribed for a vehicle of any class, category or description or used for any purpose; “vehicular emission” means a pollutant that is attributable to the combined driving cycle of a vehicle. [24/2017]
The Minister may make rules for carrying out or giving effect to this section and, in particular, those rules may — (a) provide for the issue of supplementary licences, whether at prescribed fees or without charge, and regulate their use and exhibition; and (b) provide for all matters necessary or incidental to allow subsection (1) to apply or cease to apply to motor vehicles of any description, including the re-registration of the vehicles and the imposition of any fee or levy in connection with the re-registration.
Any person who drives a motor vehicle, issued with a licence subject to the restriction mentioned in subsection (1), in contravention of the restriction or any owner of such a motor vehicle who causes or permits the vehicle to be so driven shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with — (a) a fine not exceeding $5,000; and (b) in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Any person who — (a) falsifies an identification mark or plate prescribed in the case of a motor vehicle issued with a licence subject to the restriction mentioned in subsection (1); or (b) displays, or causes or permits to be displayed, a falsified identification mark or plate on the motor vehicle, shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with a fine not exceeding $20,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or with both.
Despite the provisions of any written law to the contrary, a District Court or Magistrate’s Court has the jurisdiction to try any offence under this section and to impose the maximum penalty prescribed therefor. registration, continued registration or the keeping or use on roads, of the vehicle, if not for any of the following events (whether happening before, on or after the date of commencement of section 6 of the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act 2021): (a) the operation of section 14 which is repealed by the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act 2021; (b) an exemption under section 33; (c) an exemption under any order made under section 142.
Upon the happening, on or after the date of commencement of section 6 of the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act 2021, of a disqualifying event for a relevant impost relating to a vehicle which has not ceased to be kept or used on any road in Singapore and has not been destroyed or removed from Singapore, a tax is payable as follows: (a) upon the happening of the earlier of the following: (i) at the end of one month after the disqualifying event for the relevant impost happens; (ii) the re‑registration of the vehicle after the disqualifying event for the relevant impost; (b) at the end of any period of extension allowed by the Registrar for payment of that tax.
The tax under subsection (2) is payable and recoverable from the person who is keeping or using the vehicle when the disqualifying event happens for a relevant impost with respect to that vehicle.
The tax under subsection (2) with respect to a vehicle is as follows, whichever being applicable: (a) where the disqualifying event relates to any tax payable under section 11 upon the first registration of a vehicle — an amount worked out in the prescribed manner, which must not exceed the amount of the tax that would have been payable under section 11(1)(a) on the first registration of the vehicle if not for an event in subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c); (b) where the disqualifying event relates to any levy payable under section 10A — an amount worked out in the prescribed manner, which must not exceed the amount of the levy that would have been payable under section 10A(2) on the first registration of the vehicle with a permit if not for an event in subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c); (c) where the disqualifying event relates to any other relevant impost — an amount worked out in the prescribed manner, which must not exceed the total amount of the relevant impost that would have been payable if the event in subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c) did not happen.
To avoid doubt, a vehicle to which this section applies may be the subject of different disqualifying events for different relevant imposts.
To ascertain the relevant impost that was not payable upon the first registration, continued registration or the keeping or use on roads, of the vehicle concerned, any rebate from that relevant impost that may be claimed under section 11 when the vehicle was first registered must be reckoned.
Any person who gives any incorrect information in relation to any matter affecting the amount of tax chargeable under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, and the court shall order the person to pay the amount of tax which has been undercharged.
The amount of the tax under this section which has been undercharged and ordered under subsection (7) to be paid may be recovered according to the law for the time being in force for the recovery of fines.
The Registrar may compound any offence punishable under subsection (7) by collecting from the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding $1,000 and the amount of the tax undercharged, and may before judgment stay or compound any proceedings thereunder.
In this section — “disqualifying event”, in relation to a relevant impost for a vehicle, means any of the following, whichever happens first: (a) the expiry of any period the relevant impost is not payable with respect to the vehicle because of an event in subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c); (b) the cancellation of the registration of the vehicle under section 27(1) or (1A); (c) the first breach of any condition (whether a condition precedent or a condition subsequent) that the exemption described in subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c) with respect to the vehicle is subject; “relevant impost”, in relation to any vehicle, means any of the following taxes, fees or levies otherwise payable in respect of the vehicle if not for an event in subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c): (a) any fee payable under section 10; (b) any levy payable under section 10A(2); (c) any tax payable under section 11; (d) any carbon emission tax payable under section 11AA as in force immediately before 1 January 2018, or any vehicular emission tax payable under that section as in force on or after that date. [Act 12 of 2021 wef 03/01/2022]
(a) a citizen of Singapore; (b) a resident of Singapore; or (c) the holder of a work pass issued under the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1990, the tax chargeable under section 11(1)(a) must be paid in respect of the vehicle by the person keeping or using it in Singapore as if that vehicle is first registered and used in Singapore. [30/2007]
Any person who has in his or her possession or comes into possession of, or uses, a motor vehicle in respect of which a licence issued under the provisions of any law of any country relating to motor vehicles is in force must inform the Registrar, within the prescribed period, if he or she is a resident of Singapore or takes up residence in Singapore.
For the purposes of this section, a person is deemed to be a resident of Singapore if he or she — (a) is a permanent resident of Singapore, even though he or she may not have a place of residence in Singapore; or [Act 31 of 2023 wef 31/12/2024] (b) resides in Singapore for a continuous period of 6 months and any temporary period or periods of absence during that period is immaterial.
Any person who fails to comply with subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months.
(a) for any period of 6 months or 12 months; and (b) for any shorter period that the Registrar may approve, and is to, unless the Registrar otherwise determines, first have effect on the first day of the month in which the licence is applied for or on the day following the expiry of the last vehicle licence issued for the vehicle under this Act.
A licence which first has effect before the day on which it is issued shall not affect any criminal liability incurred before that day.
(a) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000; or (b) if it has been proved to the satisfaction of the court that the person had the intention to evade payment of any tax chargeable under this Act, shall be punished on conviction with a fine of an amount equal to 3 times the tax payable — (i) if a vehicle licence had been taken out for the period, beginning with the expiry of the vehicle licence last in force for the vehicle before the date of the offence; or (ii) if there has not at any time before that date a vehicle licence in force for the vehicle, beginning with the first day of the month in which the vehicle was first kept by that person, and ending with the last day of the month during which the offence was committed.
(a) for a vehicle registered under this Act, that the person is, at the material time, recorded as the owner of that vehicle in a register of vehicles; (b) for a vehicle the registration of which under this Act is cancelled under section 27(1) or has lapsed, that the person is last recorded as the owner of that vehicle in a register of vehicles; or (c) for a vehicle that is not registered under this Act and is not a vehicle mentioned in paragraph (b), that the person has a legal right to possession of the vehicle (including any person who has the use of the vehicle under a lease or hire‑purchase agreement, but not the lessor while the vehicle is being leased under any such agreement). [10/2017]
In subsection (1), “register of vehicles” means the register required by rules made under section 34 to be maintained by the Authority for the purposes of section 10. [10/2017]
A person shall not be liable by virtue of subsection (1) to pay tax under this Act in respect of a vehicle — (a) for any period for which tax under this Act in respect of the vehicle has been paid and has not been repaid in consequence of the surrender of a licence; (b) for any period in respect of which the person has, in accordance with the rules, given notice to the Registrar that the vehicle will not be used or kept on a public road during that period; and (c) for any period by reference to which there was calculated an amount ordered to be paid by the person as a fine pursuant to section 15(b). [29/2018]
A person is not, by virtue of subsection (2)(b), exempt from the person’s liability for any period under subsection (1) in respect of a vehicle if at any time during that period the person or any other person with the firstmentioned person’s consent uses or keeps the vehicle on a public road and no vehicle licence is in force for the vehicle at that time.
For the purposes of subsection (3), the consent mentioned in that subsection is presumed to have been given unless the contrary is shown, but any use or keeping of the vehicle in question as respects which the vehicle is exempt by virtue of any written law for the time being in force from tax under this Act is to be disregarded.
Sums payable under this section by way of tax in respect of a vehicle accrue due for every period of a calendar month at one‑sixth of the semi-annual rate of tax applicable to the vehicle at the relevant time.
chargeable under this Act may be sued for by way of a specially indorsed originating claim. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]
In any suit under subsection (1), the production of a certificate signed by the Registrar giving the name and address of the defendant and the amount of tax from the defendant in respect of any vehicle kept by the defendant is sufficient evidence of the amount due and sufficient authority for the court to give judgment for that amount.
Subject to the provisions of this Act as to general licences and provisions as to the transfer of licences to replacement vehicles, every vehicle licence is issued for the vehicle specified in the application for the licence and does not entitle the person to whom it is issued to use or keep any other vehicle. [7/2012]
The Registrar is not required to issue any vehicle licence for which application is made unless he or she is satisfied — (a) that the licence applied for is the appropriate licence for the vehicle specified in the application and all fees and taxes due and payable in respect of the vehicle and any penalty recoverable from the registered owner of the vehicle under this Act or the rules have been paid; (b) in the case of an application for a licence for a vehicle purporting to be the first application for a licence for the vehicle, that a licence has not previously been issued for that vehicle; (c) that there is no warrant of arrest issued under section 120 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 against the applicant in respect of any offence committed by the applicant under this Act or the rules or any written law specified in Part 1 of the First Schedule; (d) that either — (i) for the period of the licence there will be in force the policy of insurance or the security required by law in relation to the use of the motor vehicle by the applicant or by other persons on the applicant’s order or with the applicant’s permission; or (ii) the motor vehicle is a vehicle to which section 3 of the Motor Vehicles (Third-Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960 does not apply at any time when it is being driven by the owner thereof or by an employee of the owner in the course of the employee’s employment or is otherwise subject to the control of the owner; (e) in the case of a motor vehicle to which section 91 applies, that a test certificate in respect of the vehicle has been issued at any time within 3 months prior to the issue of the vehicle licence or within any other period that the Registrar may approve; and (f) in the case of a heavy vehicle, that for the period of the licence there will be in force a vehicle parking certificate or such other document issued by the relevant authority under the Parking Places Act 1974 in respect of the parking of the heavy vehicle. [15/2010; 10/2017]
Without affecting subsection (3), the Registrar may refuse to issue a vehicle licence if he or she is satisfied that the vehicle in respect of which the licence is to be issued is registered in the name of a person who, pursuant to a warrant of court, has been arrested in connection with an offence under this Act or the rules or any written law specified in Part 1 of the First Schedule and the offence has not been tried and determined by the court. [10/2017]
Rules made under this Act may provide for the issue of a new licence in the place of a licence which has been damaged, rendered illegible, lost or destroyed, and for the information to be furnished and the fee to be paid for the issue of a new licence. [4/2006]
Any vehicle licence may be transferred in the prescribed manner.
Subject to subsection (8), the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, amend Part 1 of the First Schedule.
The Minister must, before exercising his or her powers under subsection (7), consult the Minister responsible for the written law to which the amendment relates.
car or on a motor cycle, and must inform the registered owner of the vehicle of that number. [4/2006]
Any person who drives a motor vehicle carrying persons in excess of the maximum number of persons determined under subsection (1) for the motor vehicle shall be guilty of an offence. [4/2006]
[4/2006]
Except as otherwise prescribed, the Registrar, on being satisfied in any manner that he or she requires that the vehicle has been destroyed or exported or will cease to be kept or used on any road, must refund to the holder of the licence a sum equal to the amount which has been charged for the number of calendar months or part thereof for which the licence would have continued to be in force. [7/2012] (a) the Registrar; (b) each person who has obtained such a vehicle from the manufacturer or dealer; and (c) each current owner of such a vehicle as determined from — (i) any warranty issued by the manufacturer or dealer with respect to the functioning of the vehicle that has, to the knowledge of the manufacturer or dealer, been given, sold or transferred to the current owner; or (ii) the vehicle registration records as kept by the Registrar.
Where the Registrar is satisfied that the name of the current owner of a vehicle cannot reasonably be determined by a manufacturer or dealer in accordance with subsection (1)(c), the Registrar may — (a) order the manufacturer or dealer to give notice of the defect by publication in all daily newspapers in Singapore or by dissemination in such alternative medium for such period as the Registrar may determine; or (b) order that the current owner need not be notified.
A notice required to be given under subsection (1) or (2) must be in such form as the Registrar may require and must — (a) contain a description of the defect, an evaluation of the safety risk arising from it and the directions for rectifying it; and (b) state the time and place at which the person to whom the notice is given may present the person’s vehicle in order that the defect may be rectified by the manufacturer or dealer or the manufacturer’s or dealer’s agent.
Any manufacturer or dealer of vehicles who causes any notice to be given under subsection (1) or (2) in connection with any safety‑related defect in any vehicle manufactured or sold by the manufacturer or dealer must — (a) within a period of one month from the date on which the notice is given; and (b) thereafter, within any subsequent period that the Registrar may require, submit to the Registrar a report in such form and containing such information relating to the safety‑related defect and its rectification as the Registrar may require.
Any person who, being a manufacturer or dealer of vehicles — (a) fails to comply with the requirements of subsection (1), (3) or (4) or any order given by the Registrar under subsection (2)(a); or (b) fails to rectify or secure the rectification by the person’s agent of any safety-related defect in any vehicle that is presented for rectification pursuant to a notice given by the manufacturer or dealer under this section, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — (c) to a fine not exceeding $2,000 for each vehicle in respect of which the offence is committed, subject to a maximum fine of $50,000; and (d) in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $500 for every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after conviction.
Despite the provisions of any written law to the contrary, a District Court or Magistrate’s Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under subsection (5) and to impose the maximum penalty prescribed therefor under that subsection.
Any person who, being the owner of a vehicle in respect of which a notice has been given by a manufacturer or dealer under this section, fails to produce the vehicle for rectification within the period specified in the notice or any other period that the Registrar may allow shall be guilty of an offence.
The Authority, with the approval of the Minister, may make rules for the purposes of carrying this section into effect.
In this section — “dealer” means a person who is engaged in the business of importing or selling vehicles; “safety-related defect”, in relation to a vehicle, means a feature of the design or construction of the vehicle that is liable to cause significant risk of personal injury or death to any person using the vehicle or any other road user, and includes any defect relating to a component of the vehicle that is bought by the manufacturer of the vehicle from a supplier and sold by the manufacturer of the vehicle together with the vehicle as original equipment.
Where tax at a higher rate becomes chargeable under subsection (1) in respect of any vehicle licence, a new vehicle licence is deemed to be in force, for the period beginning with the date on which the higher rate of tax becomes chargeable and expiring at the end of the period for which the original vehicle licence was issued, on payment of the difference between the amount payable on the new licence and the amount to be refunded on the surrender of the original vehicle licence in accordance with section 22. [10/2017] (2A) Subsection (2) does not validate the use of a vehicle between the time a vehicle licence is deemed by that subsection to be in force for that vehicle and the date the vehicle licence is actually issued, if later. [10/2017]
Where a vehicle licence has been taken out for a vehicle, and by reason of the vehicle being used as mentioned in subsection (1), a higher rate of tax becomes chargeable and tax at the higher rate was not paid before the vehicle was so used, the person so using the vehicle shall be guilty of an offence.
The rules may — (a) provide for the issue of a permit, in respect of a vehicle not registered under this Act that is brought into Singapore from any place outside Singapore (called in this section and section 34D a foreign vehicle), authorising the keeping and use in Singapore of the vehicle for any period that the Registrar may determine; (b) prescribe the manner of application for the permit; (c) prescribe the fees and charges payable for the issue of the permit in accordance with any rates that may be approved by the Minister; (d) prescribe the conditions for the issue of the permit; (e) provide for the extension of the period of validity of the permit; (f) provide for the cancellation of the permit; (g) provide for the permit to be stored in any electronic form that the Authority may determine; (h) regulate the use of the permit; (i) [Deleted by Act 1 of 2006] (j) provide for the levy of a tax for the keeping or use of a foreign vehicle in Singapore in accordance with any rates that may be prescribed by the Minister; (k) prescribe the manner in which any fee or tax payable under the rules is to be levied and collected, including the use of electronic or computerised or other facilities, and the use by the foreign vehicle concerned of specified points of exit from Singapore, for that purpose; (l) prescribe the records to be kept by the Registrar in connection with the rules; and (m) empower the Registrar and any officer authorised by him or her to prohibit the entry by driving into, or exit by driving from, Singapore of any vehicle — (i) if any charge, fee or tax payable in respect of the vehicle under this Act or any of its subsidiary legislation is in arrears; (ii) if any charge or fee payable in respect of the vehicle under the Parking Places Act 1974 or any of its subsidiary legislation is in arrears; or (iii) which the Registrar or officer so authorised reasonably believes has been used in the commission of an offence under this Act or the Parking Places Act 1974 or any subsidiary legislation made under either Act, or under the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations. [1/2006; 10/2017; 38/2018]
Any rates prescribed by the rules may be made to apply only to vehicles of a specified class, category or description, and the Minister may prescribe different rates for vehicles of different classes, categories or descriptions or for vehicles used for different purposes.
Where a person is convicted of an offence under any of the rules, the court before which the person is convicted may, in addition to the punishment prescribed for the offence, order the person to pay the amount of any charges, fees or taxes mentioned in subsection (2)(m) that may be certified by an officer appointed by the Authority to be due and payable by the person at the date of the person’s conviction, and the amount may be recovered according to the law for the time being in force for the recovery of fines. [10/2017]
For the purposes of this section, reference to a person resident outside Singapore does not include a reference to a citizen of Singapore or a person who holds a valid entry permit or re-entry permit issued by the Controller of Immigration under the Immigration Act 1959. [10/2017]
Subject to this section, the Registrar must assign a separate number to every vehicle registered with him or her and a mark indicating both the registered number of the vehicle and the fact that it has been registered in Singapore must be fixed on the vehicle or on any other vehicle drawn by the vehicle or on both in the prescribed manner.
The Registrar must, on any application for the registration of a bicycle made to him or her in the prescribed manner and on payment of the prescribed fee, register the bicycle in the prescribed manner, assigning a separate number to every bicycle registered with him or her, and a mark indicating both the registered number and the fact that it has been registered must be fixed on the bicycle in the prescribed manner.
If the mark to be fixed in accordance with this Act is not so fixed, or if being so fixed it is in any way obscured or rendered or allowed to become or to remain not easily distinguishable, the person driving the vehicle or having charge of the vehicle while it is being used shall be guilty of an offence.
A person charged under this section with having an obscured mark or with obscuring a mark or rendering or allowing it to become or to remain not easily distinguishable shall not be liable to be convicted on the charge if the person proves that the person has taken all steps reasonably practicable to prevent the mark being obscured or not easily distinguishable.
A person shall not be liable to be convicted under this section if the person proves that — (a) the person had no reasonable opportunity of registering the vehicle in accordance with this section; and (b) the vehicle is being driven on the road for the purpose of being so registered.
(a) if the permit issued under section 10A authorising the registration of the vehicle under this Act has been cancelled or has expired and has not been restored or renewed within the time prescribed therefor by this Act or any rules; (b) if no licence under section 19 has been taken out for the vehicle for a period exceeding 3 years by the registered owner who has notified the Registrar that the registered owner will not use the vehicle during that period; (c) if the tax chargeable under section 11(1)(b) has not been paid by the registered owner of the vehicle for a period of 12 months or any longer period; (d) if the Registrar is satisfied that the vehicle — (i) has ceased to be kept or used on any road in Singapore; (ii) has been or will, within the prescribed period, be destroyed or removed from Singapore; (iii) has become wholly unfit for further use; or (iv) has been lost through theft or criminal breach of trust and the prescribed period after the loss has lapsed; (da) if the Registrar becomes aware of a circumstance that would have required or permitted the Registrar to refuse to register the vehicle, had the Registrar been aware of the circumstance immediately before registering the vehicle; (e) if the vehicle exceeds the age-limit prescribed for the class or description of vehicles to which the vehicle belongs; or (f) if the vehicle has been forfeited pursuant to any written law. [4/2006; 37/2012; 23/2013; 10/2017] (1A) In addition to subsection (1), the Registrar may cancel the registration of a vehicle registered under any particular class, category or description or purpose of use if the Registrar is satisfied that — (a) the vehicle has been so permanently altered (on or after the date of commencement of section 8 of the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act 2021 and whether in the course of repair or otherwise) so as to render its construction, weight and equipment or condition such that the vehicle no longer conforms to the class, category or description it is registered under; or (b) the use of the vehicle has so materially changed (on or after the date of commencement of section 8 of the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act 2021) such that the use of the vehicle does not conform to the purpose of use it is registered for. [Act 12 of 2021 wef 03/01/2022]
Where the registration of a vehicle is cancelled under subsection (1) or (1A), the registered owner or the person in possession of the vehicle must produce proof to the satisfaction of the Registrar that the vehicle has been removed from all roads in Singapore, or has been destroyed or removed from Singapore, within one month of the date of the cancellation or any other period that the Registrar may approve unless the vehicle is re‑registered within that period. [4/2006; 23/2013] [Act 12 of 2021 wef 03/01/2022]
Any person who fails to comply with subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months. [4/2006]
Subject to subsection (5), the Registrar, upon receiving an application under subsection (1), may — (a) if satisfied as to the bona fides of the applicant; and (b) on payment by the applicant of the prescribed levy, issue a general licence to the applicant either unconditionally or subject to any conditions that the Registrar thinks fit to impose.
The holder of any licence issued under this section is not entitled by virtue of that licence to use — (a) more than one vehicle at any one time except in the case of a motor vehicle drawing a trailer and used for the prescribed purposes; or (b) any vehicle for any purpose other than such purposes as may be prescribed.
Nothing in this section operates to prevent a person entitled to take out a general licence from holding 2 or more such licences.
A general licence must not be issued until the applicant has produced to the Registrar such evidence as the Registrar may require that either — (a) for the period of the licence there will be in force the policy of insurance or the security required by law in relation to the use of the vehicle by the applicant or by other persons on the applicant’s order or with the applicant’s permission; or (b) the vehicle is a vehicle to which section 3 of the Motor Vehicles (Third-Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960 does not apply at any time when it is being driven by the owner thereof or by an employee of the owner in the course of the employee’s employment or is otherwise subject to the control of the owner.
Provision may be made by rules under this Act for the issue of more than one type of general licence and for assigning a general identification mark to a person holding any licence issued under this section.
No general licence may be assigned or transferred and the holder of any general licence who assigns or transfers or attempts to assign or transfer the licence shall be guilty of an offence.
The Registrar may suspend or revoke a general licence if he or she is satisfied — (a) that the issue of the licence has been procured by fraud or misrepresentation; or (b) that the person to whom the general licence was issued has contravened or failed to comply with any of the provisions of this Act or the rules or with any condition of the general licence. [10/2017]
Upon the suspension or revocation of a licence under subsection (8), the holder of the general licence must surrender the general licence to the Registrar.
If any person is aggrieved by the refusal of the Registrar to issue a general licence or by the suspension or revocation of a general licence, the person may appeal to the Minister.
The Minister must, on any appeal, make any order in the matter that he or she thinks just and the Registrar must comply with any order so made.
Any order made by the Minister under subsection (11) is final. meaning of section 6C) may apply to the Registrar for a licence (called in this Part a special purpose licence) allowing the person to keep or use the vehicle on a road. [10/2017]
Sections 10 and 11 do not apply in respect of a vehicle that is licensed under this section.
Upon receiving an application under subsection (1) and upon payment by the applicant of the prescribed levy, the Registrar may issue a special purpose licence to the applicant either unconditionally or subject to any conditions that the Registrar thinks fit to impose.
The Registrar may suspend or cancel a special purpose licence if the vehicle in respect of which the special purpose licence has been issued is kept or used in contravention of — (a) any of the provisions of this Act or the rules; or (b) any of the conditions subject to which the special purpose licence was issued. [10/2017]
The Registrar must not issue a special purpose licence in respect of any vehicle until the applicant for the special purpose licence has produced to the Registrar such evidence as the Registrar may require that either — (a) for the period of the special purpose licence there will be in force the policy of insurance or security required by law in relation to the use of the vehicle by the applicant or by any other person on the applicant’s order or with the applicant’s permission; or (b) the vehicle is a vehicle to which section 3 of the Motor Vehicles (Third-Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960 does not apply at any time when it is being driven by the owner thereof or by an employee of the owner in the course of the employee’s employment or when it is otherwise subject to the control of the owner.
A special purpose licence issued to any person under this section is not transferable to any other person and the holder of any special purpose licence who transfers or attempts to transfer the holder’s licence to any other person shall be guilty of an offence.
A person to whom a special purpose licence is issued under this section must, within one month after the licence is cancelled under subsection (4) or lapses, or any longer period that the Registrar may allow in any particular case, do one of the following in relation to the vehicle in respect of which the special purpose licence was issued: (a) register the vehicle; (b) remove the vehicle from use on all roads in Singapore and produce proof of that to the satisfaction of the Registrar; (c) destroy or export the vehicle and produce proof of that to the satisfaction of the Registrar. [10/2017]
A person who fails to comply with subsection (7) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months; and (b) in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months. [10/2017]
$2,000. [10/2017]
If any person uses a bicycle which has not been registered or a trishaw which has not been licensed under this Part, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $100.
[Deleted by Act 10 of 2017]
Where a licence has been taken out for a motor vehicle to be used solely for a certain purpose and the motor vehicle is, at any time during the period for which the licence is in force, used for some other purpose, the person so using the motor vehicle or causing or permitting it to be so used shall, if the rate of fee chargeable in respect of a licence for a motor vehicle used for that other purpose is higher than the rate chargeable in respect of the licence held by the person, be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, shall in addition be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months.
If in any proceedings under this section any question arises — (a) as to the number of motor vehicles used; (b) as to the character, weight and horsepower of any motor vehicle; (c) as to the number of seats provided in a motor vehicle; or (d) as to the purposes for which any motor vehicle has been used, it is sufficient for a witness for the prosecution to give evidence on oath that, in consequence of inquiries which the witness has made or of reports which the witness has received, the witness has reasonable grounds for believing that — (e) the number of motor vehicles used; (f) the character, weight and horsepower of any motor vehicle; (g) the number of seats provided in a motor vehicle; or (h) the purposes for which any motor vehicle has been used, or any one or more of these facts was or were such as would be necessary to establish the offence charged.
Thereupon the burden is on the defendant to prove that the number of motor vehicles used or the character, weight and horsepower of any motor vehicle, the number of seats provided in a motor vehicle or the purposes for which any motor vehicle has been used (as the case may require) was or were in fact such that the offence charged was not in law committed by the defendant. 29A.—(1) Where a person is convicted of an offence under section 15 or 29, the court before which the person is convicted may, in addition to the punishment prescribed for the offence, order the person to pay the amount of any taxes as may be certified by an officer appointed by the Authority to be due and payable under section 11(1)(b) by the person at the date of the person’s conviction.
The amount under subsection (1) may be recovered according to the law for the time being in force for the recovery of fines.
The person to whom any warrant is addressed may break open in the daytime any house or building for the purpose of the seizure of the vehicle pursuant to the warrant.
Any fees prescribed by the Authority are payable by way of costs in the case of the issue of a warrant for the recovery of any tax under this section.
This Part applies to vehicles belonging to the Government. 33A. [Repealed by Act 38 of 2018] 33B. [Repealed by Act 38 of 2018]
(a) to regulate the registration and licensing of vehicles, to prescribe the forms of application for and the contents of vehicle licences, and to provide special facilities for the licensing of motor vehicles brought into Singapore from places outside Singapore; (b) [Deleted by Act 4 of 2006] (c) to prescribe the size, shape and character of the identification marks or the signs to be fixed on any vehicle and the manner in which those marks or signs are to be secured, sealed, displayed and rendered easily distinguishable whether by night or by day and to prohibit those marks, signs and seals from being tampered with; (d) to provide for the marking of prescribed particulars on any vehicle; (da) to require any person to whom any vehicle is sold or disposed of or any person who sold or disposed of any vehicle to furnish any particulars of the sale or disposal that the Registrar may require; (db) to require any person who is, in the course of business, selling or supplying, or offering or exposing for sale or supply, by retail, any vehicle on any premises or place — (i) to display warning notices about prescribed vehicles or trailers which do not comply with the rules made under section 6 as to construction, weight and equipment applicable to the class or description of vehicles to which that vehicle or trailer belongs; or (ii) to display in a prescribed manner or not to display any vehicles or trailers mentioned in sub‑paragraph (i), or advertisements about the vehicles or trailers, at the premises or place; (e) to prescribe the form of, and the particulars to be included in, the register with respect to vehicles for which a general licence has been taken out by a manufacturer, repairer or dealer and the identification marks to be carried by any such vehicle and to define the purposes for which the holder of a general licence may use a vehicle under the general licence; (f) to extend any provisions as to registration and provisions incidental to those provisions to any vehicle in respect of which taxes chargeable under this Part are not payable and to provide for the identification of the vehicle; (g) to provide for information contained in any records maintained by the Registrar with respect to the marking, registration, licensing or keeping of vehicles to be made public or to be made available, either without payment or on payment of the prescribed fee, to any persons that may be determined by or under the rules; (h) with respect to the form and particulars to be included in a notice under section 17(2)(b), the manner of giving the notice and the time at which it is to be treated as being given; (i) for securing that notice under section 17(2)(b) is not given in respect of a period of less than 30 days or more than 12 months; (j) as to the mode of calculating the period in respect of which notice under section 17(2)(b) is to be treated as given; (k) with respect to the mode of proving the giving of the said notice; (l) for deeming the said notice to have been given in relation to a vehicle in respect of any period or at any time if in the circumstances of any particular case the Minister considers it reasonable to do so; (m) to make provision with respect to the furnishing of information and production of certificates of insurance or security and with respect to the registration and identification of such vehicles (including vehicles belonging to the Government); (n) to prescribe the particulars to be marked on vehicles and trailers; (o) to prescribe — (i) the fees and costs payable for the recovery of any tax payable under this Act, whether by instalment or otherwise; and (ii) any interest or charge payable for the late payment, or the payment by instalment, of any tax payable under this Act; [Act 4 of 2008 wef 01/04/2024] (p) to prohibit the registration under this Act of used vehicles beyond a prescribed age-limit; (q) to prescribe a levy for the re-registration of a used vehicle in the name of the purchaser of the vehicle; (r) to regulate the registration, licensing, keeping and use of heavy vehicles; and (s) to regulate the registration and licensing of a replacement vehicle, and to deem the date of registration of the replacement vehicle to be the same as that of the vehicle which it replaced for any of the purposes of this Act. [4/2006; 7/2012; 3/2017; 10/2017]
Rules made under this section for the purposes of subsection (1)(da) or (db) may provide that any contravention of any provision of the rules involving a power-assisted bicycle shall be an offence and the offender may be liable on conviction — (a) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 24 months or to both; or (b) in any other case — to a fine not exceeding $40,000. [9/2020]
Every amount collected before the date of commencement of the Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2008 as, or purportedly as, interest or a charge for the late payment, or the payment by instalment, of any tax payable under this Act shall be deemed to be and always to have been validly collected, and no legal proceedings shall lie or be instituted or maintained in any court of law on account of or in respect of any such collection. [Act 4 of 2008 wef 01/04/2024]
ROAD-USER CHARGES “authorised officer” means any employee of the Authority, or any other person, who is duly authorised by the Registrar in writing to carry out any particular function or to exercise any particular power under this Part; “prescribed hours” means the hours prescribed by the Minister for the levying of a road-user charge in respect of any specified road; “road-user charge” means the charge payable for riding, driving or moving a motor vehicle on a specified road during the prescribed hours; “specified road” means any road or part thereof as may be specified in rules made under this Part. [1/2006]
All road-user charges collected under this Part must be paid into the Consolidated Fund. (a) specifying the roads in respect of which, and the days and hours during which, a road-user charge is levied; (b) prescribing the amount of road-user charge to be levied in respect of any specified road and for this purpose, road‑user charges of different amounts may be prescribed in respect of — (i) different specified roads or parts thereof; (ii) different hours of the day or different days of the week; and (iii) different classes, categories or descriptions of vehicles; (ba) empowering the Registrar and any officer authorised by the Registrar to prohibit the entry into or exit from Singapore of any foreign vehicle if any unpaid road-user charges under this Act in respect of that vehicle is in arrears; (c) prescribing the manner in which road-user charges are levied and collected, including the use of electronic or computerised or other facilities therefor, and for this purpose, the rules may — (i) require all vehicles (whether registered in Singapore or elsewhere) to be installed with such devices and appurtenances and in such manner as may be prescribed before they may be ridden, driven or moved on a specified road during the prescribed hours; (ii) [Deleted by Act 1 of 2006] (iii) prohibit the sale, supply, installation, repair or maintenance of any device or appurtenance prescribed under sub‑paragraph (i) by any person not authorised by the Registrar to do so; and (iv) specify the conditions under which any device or appurtenance prescribed under sub‑paragraph (i) may be removed from one vehicle and installed in another or transferred from one person to another; and (d) prescribing the records to be kept by the Registrar in connection with this Part and regulating the disclosure by the Registrar of any information in those records. [1/2006; 10/2017]
Where a person is convicted of an offence under the rules, the court before which the person is convicted may, in addition to the punishment prescribed for the offence, order the person to pay the amount of road-user charge as may be certified by an officer appointed by the Authority in that behalf to be due from the person at the date of the conviction and the amount may be recovered according to the law for the time being in force for the recovery of fines.
The Registrar or authorised officer may remove from a vehicle which has been produced before him or her pursuant to subsection (1) any device or appurtenance which has been installed in the vehicle for the purpose of this Part if the Registrar or authorised officer is of the opinion that the device or appurtenance cannot be properly inspected or tested without being so removed.
If, upon inspecting the device or appurtenance, the Registrar or authorised officer is satisfied that there is or has been any contravention of any of the provisions of this Part or the rules made under section 34D concerning the device or appurtenance, the Registrar or authorised officer may remove the device or appurtenance from the vehicle and dispose of it in any manner that he or she thinks fit.
Any person who fails to comply with a notice issued under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.
Where a person on whom a notice is served under subsection (1) fails to comply with the notice, the Registrar or an authorised officer may seize and detain the vehicle in order to carry out any inspection or test under subsection (1).
Where any vehicle is seized and detained under subsection (5), the Registrar or authorised officer must immediately inform the owner of the vehicle in writing of the seizure and detention and if the vehicle is not claimed by its owner within 3 months of the date of its seizure — (a) the Registrar or authorised officer may, after giving one month’s notice in the Gazette, sell the vehicle by public auction or otherwise dispose of the vehicle in any manner that he or she thinks fit; and (b) the proceeds (if any) from the sale or disposal of the vehicle must be applied in payment of any road-user charges which may be due in respect of the vehicle and of any charges incurred in carrying out the provisions of this section and the surplus (if any) must be paid into the Consolidated Fund, if unclaimed by the owner within a period of 12 months.
LICENSING OF DRIVERS AND RIDERS [12/2021]
[12/2021] [12/2021]
A person must not employ or permit another person to drive a motor vehicle on a road unless the person so employed or permitted to drive is the holder of such a driving licence.
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction as follows: (a) to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or to both; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 years or to both. [19/2019] (3A) For the purposes of subsection (3) and section 35AA, a person is a repeat offender in relation to an offence under subsection (3) if the person who is convicted, or found guilty, of an offence under that subsection (called the current offence) for contravening subsection (1) or (2) — (a) has been convicted or found guilty on at least one other earlier occasion of an offence under subsection (3) for contravening the same provision as the current offence; or (b) has (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) been convicted or found guilty on at least one other earlier occasion of an offence under subsection (3) as in force immediately before that date for contravening the same provision as the current offence. [19/2019]
An application for a grant or renewal of a driving licence must be made in any form that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may design and utilise. [28/2014]
On an application for the grant of a driving licence, the applicant must, in addition to any declaration required under this Act, state whether — (a) he or she has held a driver’s certificate or licence in any part of the world; (b) any such certificate or licence has been endorsed, suspended or cancelled; (c) he or she has been disqualified from holding a licence; and (d) he or she is under the provisions of this Act disqualified by reason of age or otherwise from obtaining the licence for which he or she is applying.
Subject to the provisions of this Part as to tests of competence to drive and as to the physical fitness of applicants for driving licences, the Deputy Commissioner of Police must, upon payment of the prescribed fee (if any), grant a licence to any person who — (a) applies for it in the prescribed manner; and (b) declares in writing that the person is not disqualified by any reason (age or otherwise) from obtaining the licence. [28/2014] (6A) The Deputy Commissioner of Police may, upon payment of the prescribed fee (if any), renew the driving licence of any person who holds a driving licence authorising him or her to drive a class or description of a motor vehicle if the Deputy Commissioner of Police is satisfied that the person has passed the whole or any part of the prescribed test of competence to drive that class or description of vehicle that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require. [28/2014]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police must grant a licence under subsection (6) or renew a licence under subsection (6A) except in the case of an applicant — (a) who is disqualified as provided under this section; or (b) to whom, in the opinion of the Deputy Commissioner of Police, it would not be in the public interest to grant or renew a licence. [28/2014]
A driving licence may authorise the holder of the driving licence to drive all classes of motor vehicles or such class or classes or such type or types within any class or classes as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may specify therein.
Where the applicant is subject to any restriction with respect to the driving of any class of motor vehicle, the extent of the restriction must be specified in the prescribed manner on the driving licence.
Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules, unless earlier revoked or surrendered — (a) a driving licence granted to a person who is, or a renewed driving licence of a person who becomes, a citizen of Singapore or permanent resident of Singapore remains in force for the lifetime of that person; and [Act 31 of 2023 wef 31/12/2024] (b) a driving licence granted to, or a renewed driving licence of, a person who is not a citizen of Singapore or permanent resident of Singapore remains in force for a period of 5 years beginning on the date of such grant or renewal (as the case may be) or any shorter period that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may specify in any particular case. [Act 31 of 2023 wef 31/12/2024] [28/2014; 10/2017] (10A) Despite subsection (10) but subject to the other provisions of this Act, a driving licence mentioned in subsection (10)(a) or (b) ceases to be in force when the person who holds the driving licence attains any of the prescribed ages applicable to the person, unless before attaining that age — (a) the person undergoes the prescribed medical examination and is duly certified by a registered medical practitioner as being physically fit to drive a motor vehicle of the class or description in that licence; and (b) the person passes the whole or any part of the prescribed test of competence to drive that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require for the person to drive a motor vehicle of the class or description in that licence. [28/2014]
Subsection (10) does not apply to a provisional licence referred to in section 36(3).
[Deleted by Act 28 of 2014]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police may refuse to renew any driving licence if the Deputy Commissioner of Police is satisfied — (a) that the holder of the driving licence has not complied with any process of court issued against him or her in respect of any offence committed by him or her under this Act or the rules or any written law specified in Part 2 of the First Schedule; or (b) that the holder of the driving licence has, pursuant to a warrant of court, been arrested in connection with an offence under this Act or the rules or any written law specified in Part 2 of the First Schedule and the offence has not been tried and determined by the court. [28/2014; 10/2017]
Subject to subsection (15), the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, amend Part 2 of the First Schedule.
The Minister must, before exercising his or her powers under subsection (14), consult the Minister responsible for the written law to which the amendment relates.
Where a person’s driving licence has ceased to be in force for a period of 3 years or more, the Deputy Commissioner of Police must not grant another driving licence to the person authorising the person to drive a class or description of motor vehicle unless — (a) the person passes the test of competence to drive referred to in section 36(1); or (b) the Deputy Commissioner of Police is satisfied that, at any time within 3 years before the date that the person applies for the other driving licence, the person held a driver’s certificate or licence granted by the competent authority in any country other than Singapore authorising the person to drive a motor vehicle of that class or description. [28/2014]
A person is disqualified from obtaining a driving licence — (a) while another driving licence granted to him or her is in force whether the licence is suspended or not; (b) if he or she is, by a conviction under this Act or by an order of a court in Singapore or Malaysia, disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence.
In any proceedings, the fact that a driving licence has been granted to a person is evidence that the person for the purpose of obtaining the licence made a declaration that he or she was not disqualified from holding or obtaining the licence.
If any person is aggrieved by the refusal of the Deputy Commissioner of Police to grant or renew a driving licence or by the revocation of a driving licence under section 37, he or she may, after giving the Deputy Commissioner of Police notice of his or her intention to do so, appeal to the Commissioner of Police and on the appeal the Commissioner of Police may make any order that the Commissioner of Police thinks fit and any order so made is binding on the Deputy Commissioner of Police. [28/2014]
In this section, “permanent resident of Singapore” means a person who holds a valid entry permit under section 10 of the Immigration Act 1959 or a valid re‑entry permit under section 11 of that Act. [28/2014] (a) the court is satisfied that — (i) the person convicted is not the owner of the motor vehicle; and (ii) the driver of the motor vehicle in relation to which the offence is committed had driven the motor vehicle without the consent of the owner; or (b) the court has other good reasons for ordering otherwise. [19/2019]
Any motor vehicle in respect of which there has been or there is reasonable cause to suspect that there has been committed (on or after 1 November 2019) an offence under section 35(3), may be seized by any police officer or the Registrar or any officer authorised in writing by the Registrar. [19/2019]
If there is no prosecution with regard to an offence under section 35(3), any motor vehicle seized pursuant to subsection (2) in relation to the offence must be released at the end of one month starting from the date of seizure if it is not earlier released. [19/2019] (a) within a period of 12 months from the date of the grant of the licence, the record of the holder of the licence (as kept by the Deputy Commissioner of Police for the purposes of this section) as a driver of motor vehicles establishes that it would not be in the interests of public safety for him or her to continue to hold the licence, or that he or she is not competent to drive a motor vehicle; (b) the holder of the licence — (i) had, at any time before being granted that licence, committed an offence while driving a motor vehicle of a class or description which he or she was authorised to drive by virtue of another driving licence held by him or her at the time; and (ii) after being granted the firstmentioned licence, is dealt with by the court or the Deputy Commissioner of Police for the offence mentioned in sub‑paragraph (i) in any manner that would, by virtue of any rules relating to the prescribed test of competence leading to the grant of the firstmentioned licence, have caused the holder of the licence to be disallowed from taking that test had he or she been so dealt with for that offence before he or she took that test; or (c) the Deputy Commissioner of Police becomes aware of a circumstance that would have required or permitted the Deputy Commissioner of Police to refuse to grant a driving licence to any person, had he or she been aware of the circumstance immediately before granting the driving licence. [24/2010]
For the purpose of establishing that it would not be in the interests of public safety for a person to hold a valid driving licence or that such person is not competent to drive a motor vehicle, the Minister may make rules establishing a system of awarding points against a person for the commission of an offence under this Act or the rules, and providing for the circumstances where any points so awarded may be cancelled or disregarded. [28/2014; 10/2017]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police may, under subsection (1), regard a person as not competent to drive a motor vehicle, or establish that it would not be in the interests of public safety for a person to continue to hold a driving licence, if that person is awarded, within a prescribed period, points prescribed for the commission of an offence or offences under this Act that are equal to or in excess of the maximum number of points prescribed (called the revocation threshold). [28/2014]
The rules made under subsection (2) must — (a) specify the number of points to be awarded for an offence under this Act, including points that distinguish between different offences under this Act or the circumstances in which any offence is committed or both; (b) specify when points may be awarded in respect of an offence under this Act, and the circumstances under which points awarded may be cancelled or disregarded for the purposes of subsection (1); and (c) specify the revocation threshold, the period over which the revocation threshold is calculated, and any other matters that are required to be prescribed for the purposes of this section. [28/2014]
Where the points awarded against a person under the rules made under subsection (2) reach 50% of the revocation threshold under this section, the Deputy Commissioner of Police must give written notice thereof to the person. [28/2014]
Where a person is disqualified by an order of a court from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of time specified in the order, every point awarded against the person under the rules made under subsection (2) must thereupon be cancelled.
Where a holder of a valid driving licence commits on a single occasion more than one offence under this Act or the rules, points must be awarded against him or her only for the offence committed by him or her and in respect of which the largest number of points may be awarded against a person. [10/2017] (7A) If — (a) a person is a holder of a driving licence authorising the person to drive a motor vehicle of a particular class or description; and (b) the person’s driving licence is revoked under this section when the person is a new driver in respect of that licence, then every other driving licence authorising the person to drive a motor vehicle of any other class or description is deemed to be revoked as well unless the person is then not a new driver in respect of that other driving licence. [19/2019]
[Deleted by Act 12 of 2021]
For the purposes of subsection (7A), a person is a new driver in relation to any driving licence during the initial period — (a) starting on the date of the grant of the driving licence to the person under section 35(6), or under section 36(2) in the circumstances described in section 36(2)(a)(ii); and (b) ending on the eve of the first anniversary of the grant of the driving licence as mentioned in paragraph (a). [19/2019] (a) stating that the Deputy Commissioner of Police proposes to revoke the person’s driving licence on such date (called in this section the proposed revocation date) being at least 4 weeks after the date of giving the notice; (b) setting out the reasons for revoking the person’s driving licence; and (c) specifying the period (being at least 4 weeks after the date of giving the notice) within which representations or objections with respect to the proposed revocation may be made. [19/2019]
Then, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, after considering any representations or objections which are duly made within the period mentioned in subsection (1)(c) and not withdrawn by the person concerned, revoke the person’s driving licence on the proposed revocation date. [19/2019]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police must immediately inform the person concerned of his or her decision under subsection (2). [19/2019]
However, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, on his or her own initiative, rescind the revocation of a person’s driving licence and reinstate the person’s driving licence, after re‑considering any representations or objections made by that person within the period mentioned in subsection (1)(c). [19/2019]
In relation to reinstating a person’s driving licence under subsection (4) — (a) the Deputy Commissioner of Police must regard the person as still satisfying all the requirements relating to the grant of the driving licence; and (b) from that reinstatement, the driving licence reinstated must be regarded as being continuously in force starting on the date of its grant, disregarding any break because of the revocation of the driving licence. [19/2019]
This section applies only in relation to a notice given by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under subsection (1) on or after 29 June 2021, and section 35B as in force immediately before that date continues to apply in relation to a notice given by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under that section before that date. [19/2019] Deputy Commissioner of Police. [19/2019]
Any person whose driving licence has been revoked under section 35A must immediately surrender the driving licence (if not issued in electronic form) to the Deputy Commissioner of Police. [19/2019]
Any person whose driving licence has been revoked under section 35A must not drive a motor vehicle of the class or description which the revoked licence had authorised that person to drive until that person is granted a new driving licence authorising that person to drive a motor vehicle of that class or description. [28/2014]
Any person who drives a motor vehicle on a road when his or her driving licence is revoked under section 35A shall be guilty of an offence.
[28/2014]
Despite subsection (1), the Deputy Commissioner of Police may grant a driving licence to an applicant who satisfies the Deputy Commissioner of Police that — (a) at any time within 3 years before the date that the applicant makes the application, the applicant — (i) has held a driving licence which has ceased to be in force under section 35(10A); or (ii) has held a driver’s certificate or licence granted by the competent authority in any country other than Singapore authorising the applicant to drive a motor vehicle of the class or description which the applicant would be authorised to drive by the licence applied for; and (b) the applicant passes the whole or such part of the test of competence to drive mentioned in subsection (1) or such other prescribed test of competence to drive, as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require. [28/2014]
For the purpose of enabling the applicant for a driving licence to learn to drive a motor vehicle with a view to passing a test under this section, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, if so requested by the applicant and on payment of the prescribed fee, grant to the applicant a provisional licence to be in force for a period prescribed. [28/2014; 10/2017]
A provisional licence must be in the prescribed form and is granted subject to the prescribed conditions.
If any person to whom a provisional licence is granted fails to comply with any of the conditions subject to which it is granted, he or she shall be guilty of an offence.
Different validity periods for provisional licences may be prescribed under section 48 for different types of provisional licences. [10/2017]
The court before which a person is convicted of an offence under section 64, 65 or 65A may, whether the person has previously passed the prescribed test of competence to drive or not and whether or not the court makes an order under section 42 disqualifying the person from holding or obtaining a licence to drive a motor vehicle, order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence to drive a motor vehicle until the person has since the date of the order passed the test.
The provisions of this Act which have effect where an order disqualifying a person from holding or obtaining a driving licence is made have effect in relation to a disqualification by virtue of an order under this section subject to the following modifications: (a) despite section 35(17) or 43(3), the person disqualified is (unless the person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence otherwise than by virtue of an order under this section) entitled to obtain and to hold a provisional driving licence to be granted under subsection (3) and to drive a motor vehicle in accordance with the conditions subject to which the provisional driving licence is granted; (b) the disqualification is deemed to have expired on production to the Deputy Commissioner of Police of evidence that the person has since the order was made passed the prescribed test; (c) on the return to the person disqualified of any driving licence held by the person or on the issue to the person of such a licence there must be added to the endorsed particulars of the disqualification a statement that the person disqualified has since the order was made passed the prescribed test.
(a) any prescribed disease or physical disability; or (b) any other disease or physical disability which is likely to cause the driving by the applicant of a motor vehicle (of the class or description which the applicant would be authorised by the licence to drive) to be a source of danger to the public. [28/2014]
If from the declaration it appears that the applicant is suffering from any disease or physical disability specified in subsection (1), the Deputy Commissioner of Police must refuse to grant the driving licence.
A driving licence limited to driving an invalid carriage may be granted to the applicant if the Deputy Commissioner of Police is satisfied that he or she is fit to drive such a carriage.
The applicant may, except in the case of any prescribed diseases and disabilities, on payment of the prescribed fee, claim to be subjected to a test as to his or her fitness or ability to drive a motor vehicle of any class or description that he or she would be authorised by the licence to drive.
If the applicant passes the prescribed test and is not otherwise disqualified, the driving licence must not be refused by reason only of the provisions of subsection (2), except that if the test proves his or her fitness to drive motor vehicles of a particular construction or design only, the driving licence must be limited to the driving of such vehicles.
If it appears to the Deputy Commissioner of Police that there is reason to believe that any person who holds a driving licence is suffering from a disease or physical disability likely to cause the driving by the person of a motor vehicle, being a motor vehicle of any class or description the person is authorised by the licence to drive, to be a source of danger to the public and, after making any inquiry that he or she considers necessary, the Deputy Commissioner of Police is satisfied that the licence holder is so suffering then, whether or not the licence holder so suffering has previously passed a test under this section, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, after giving to the licence holder notice of such intention, revoke the driving licence.
The licence holder must on receipt of the notice deliver the driving licence to the Deputy Commissioner of Police for cancellation.
The licence holder may, except in the case of any prescribed diseases and disabilities, claim to be subjected to a test as to his or her fitness or disability to drive a motor vehicle and, if he or she passes the prescribed test, the driving licence must not be revoked or, if it has already been revoked, must be returned to the licence holder and the revocation thereof is rescinded.
vehicle of the class or description which the foreign driving licence authorises him or her to drive. [28/2014]
However, subsection (1) does not apply where the holder of the foreign driving licence — (a) is a citizen of Singapore or permanent resident of Singapore; or (b) is a work pass driver. [Act 31 of 2023 wef 31/12/2024] [28/2014]
If at any time a holder of a valid foreign driving licence becomes — (a) a citizen of Singapore or permanent resident of Singapore; or [Act 31 of 2024 wef 31/12/2024] (b) a work pass driver, then subsection (1) applies to that holder of a foreign driving licence for the prescribed period instead of the 12‑month period in subsection (1). [28/2014]
Despite not holding a valid driving licence, it is lawful for — (a) a member of a visiting force; or (b) a member of a civilian component of the visiting force, who holds a driving permit issued to him or her by a competent authority of the country of the visiting force to drive in Singapore a motor vehicle belonging to the country of the visiting force which is of the class or description specified in the driving permit. [28/2014]
In this section — “civilian component” and “visiting force” have the respective meanings given by the Visiting Forces Act 1960; “permanent resident of Singapore” means a person who holds a valid entry permit under section 10 of the Immigration Act 1959 or a valid re‑entry permit under section 11 of that Act; “prescribed period” means the period prescribed, starting from — (a) for a person referred to in subsection (3)(a), the date on which the person is granted a certificate of citizenship under the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore or an entry permit under the Immigration Act, whichever first happens; or (b) for a person referred to in subsection (3)(b), the date on which the person is issued with a work pass under the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1990; “work pass driver” means the holder of a work pass issued under the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1990 who drives a motor vehicle carrying passengers or goods or both — (a) for hire or reward; or (b) because of or under a contract of employment. [28/2014]
Despite subsection (1), if within 24 hours after the production of his or her driving licence was so required, the licensee produces the licence in person at any police office or police station in Singapore that may be specified by the police officer at the time its production was required, the licensee shall not be convicted of an offence under this section.
Subsection (2) does not apply to a paid driver or to the driver of a motor vehicle used for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward or for the carriage of goods.
Any person who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with a notice under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.
(a) an offence under this Act or any other written law in connection with the driving of a motor vehicle; or (b) an offence under this Act or any other written law and — (i) at the time of the commission of the offence, the offender was the driver or was in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place; (ii) the person against whom the offence was committed was the driver of another vehicle on the road or public place, a passenger in that other vehicle or a pedestrian on the road or public place; (iii) the court convicting the offender of the offence is satisfied that the commission of the offence arose from or was connected with a dispute between the offender and that other person over the use of the road or public place; and (iv) having regard to the circumstances under which the offence was committed and the behaviour of the offender, the court is of the opinion that it is undesirable for the offender to continue to be allowed to drive a motor vehicle, the court may, in addition to imposing on the offender the punishment provided for such offence, make an order disqualifying the offender from holding or obtaining a driving licence for life or for any period that the court thinks fit. [12/2021]
Subsection (1) is subject to any provision in this Act expressly providing otherwise. [12/2021]
If the court thinks fit, any disqualification imposed under this section may be limited to the driving of a motor vehicle of the same class or description as the motor vehicle in relation to which the offence was committed.
A person who, by virtue of an order of a court, is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence may appeal against the order in the same manner as against a conviction, and the court may if it thinks fit, pending the appeal, suspend the operation of the order. (a) that person is accused of an offence under this Act or the rules or any written law specified in Part 2 of the First Schedule and had failed to appear before a court to answer the charge against him or her even though he or she had been served with the appropriate process of court requiring him or her to so appear before that court; (b) the court before which that person was to have appeared had, pursuant to his or her default in appearance, issued a warrant for his or her arrest; (c) that person has been arrested pursuant to the warrant and subsequently released on bail; (d) that person has been duly informed by — (i) the Deputy Commissioner of Police; (ii) the officer who arrested the person; or (iii) if the person is accused of an offence under any written law specified in Part 2 of the First Schedule, an officer responsible for administering such written law, that should the person fail to appear in court on the date next appointed for his or her appearance in connection with the offence of which the person is accused, the Public Prosecutor is to make an application under this section for him or her to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence; and (e) that person has, without lawful excuse, failed to appear in court on the date next appointed for his or her appearance in connection with the offence of which he or she is accused. [10/2017]
Upon an application made by the Public Prosecutor under subsection (1), the court, if satisfied of the matters referred to in subsection (1)(a) to (e) and, having regard to the circumstances of the case and the behaviour of the accused person, is of the opinion that it is undesirable for him or her to continue to be allowed to drive a motor vehicle, may make an order disqualifying the accused person from holding or obtaining a driving licence until the offence of which he or she is accused has been tried and determined by a court or for any other period that the court thinks fit.
Where the court makes an order under subsection (2) disqualifying a person from holding or obtaining a driving licence for any period ending before the trial and determination of the offence of which that person is accused, the court may, on further application of the Public Prosecutor, extend the period of the disqualification if it thinks fit.
(a) is suspended as long as the disqualification continues in force if he or she is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of less than one year; and (b) is of no effect if he or she is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of one year or longer and he or she must not drive a motor vehicle after the period of disqualification unless he or she passes the prescribed test of competence to drive.
A driving licence suspended by virtue of subsection (1) or section 45, 47B or 47C is, during the time of suspension, of no effect.
If any person who under the provisions of this Act is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence applies for or obtains a driving licence while he or she is so disqualified, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and the driving licence obtained by him or her is of no effect.
If any person who is disqualified as mentioned in subsection (3) drives on a road a motor vehicle or, if the disqualification is limited to the driving of a motor vehicle of a particular class or description, the person drives on a road a motor vehicle of that class or description, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction as follows: (a) to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or to both; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 years or to both. [19/2019] (4A) For the purposes of subsection (4), a person is a repeat offender in relation to an offence under that subsection if the person who is convicted, or found guilty, of an offence under that subsection — (a) has been convicted or found guilty on at least one other earlier occasion of an offence under that subsection; or (b) has (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) been convicted or found guilty on at least one other earlier occasion of an offence under subsection (4) as in force immediately before that date. [19/2019]
Where any person has been convicted of an offence under subsection (4) and the conviction is a second or subsequent conviction and it is proved to the satisfaction of a court that a motor vehicle has been used in the commission of the offence, the court is to, on the application of the Public Prosecutor, make an order for the forfeiture of the motor vehicle.
The court is not to make an order for the forfeiture of the vehicle if the court is satisfied that — (a) the person who has committed the offence is not the owner of the vehicle; and (b) the person who has committed the offence had used the vehicle without the consent of the owner or where he or she had used the vehicle with the consent of the owner, that the owner had no knowledge of his or her disqualification under this Act from holding or obtaining a driving licence.
Any motor vehicle in respect of which there has been or there is reasonable cause to suspect that there has been committed an offence under subsection (4) may be seized by any police officer or the Registrar or any officer authorised in writing by the Registrar.
If there is no prosecution with regard to an offence under subsection (4), the motor vehicle seized pursuant to subsection (7) must be released at the end of one month from the date of seizure unless it has been earlier released.
Despite any written law prescribing the time within which proceedings may be instituted, proceedings for an offence under subsection (3) may be instituted — (a) within a period of 6 months from the date of the commission of the alleged offence; or (b) within a period which exceeds neither 3 months from the date on which it came to the knowledge of the prosecutor that the offence had been committed nor one year from the date of the commission of the offence, whichever period is the longer.
the conviction or disqualification to be recorded. [2/2007]
In any proceedings in any court, a certificate, purporting to be signed by the Deputy Commissioner of Police or any officer authorised by the Deputy Commissioner of Police, relating to the particulars of any conviction or disqualification recorded and maintained under subsection (1) is prima facie evidence of the conviction or disqualification.
Where a person is disqualified by any court from holding a driving licence, he or she must deliver his or her driving licence (if any) within 7 days of the order of disqualification to the Deputy Commissioner of Police who must — (a) cancel it or keep it during the period of disqualification; or (b) if the disqualification does not apply to all the classes of vehicles which that person is permitted to drive, return the driving licence to him or her after having made the necessary endorsement thereon.
interests of public safety for him or her to hold a valid driving licence or that the person is not competent to drive a motor vehicle. [12/2021]
For the purpose of establishing that it would not be in the interests of public safety for a person to hold a valid driving licence or that a person is not competent to drive a motor vehicle, the Minister may make rules establishing a system of awarding points against a person for the commission of an offence under this Act or the rules, and providing for the circumstances where any points so awarded may be cancelled or disregarded. [28/2014; 10/2017]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police may, under subsection (1), regard a person as not competent to drive a motor vehicle, or establish that it would not be in the interests of public safety for a person to continue to hold a driving licence, if that person is awarded, within a prescribed period, points prescribed for the commission of an offence or offences under this Act that are equal to or in excess of the maximum number of points prescribed (called the suspension threshold). [28/2014]
The rules made under subsection (2) must — (a) specify the number of points to be awarded for an offence under this Act, including points that distinguish between different offences under this Act or the circumstances in which any offence is committed or both; (b) specify when points may be awarded in respect of an offence under this Act, and the circumstances under which points awarded may be cancelled or disregarded for the purposes of subsection (1); and (c) specify the suspension threshold, the period over which the suspension threshold is calculated, and any other matters that are required to be prescribed for the purposes of this section. [28/2014]
Where the points awarded against a person under the rules made under subsection (2) reach 50% of the suspension threshold under this section, the Deputy Commissioner of Police must give written notice thereof to the person. [28/2014]
Where a person is disqualified by an order of a court from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of time specified in the order, every point awarded against him or her under the rules made under subsection (2) must thereupon be cancelled.
Where a holder of a valid driving licence commits on a single occasion more than one offence under this Act or the rules, points must be awarded against him or her only for the offence committed by him or her and in respect of which the largest number of points may be awarded against a person. [10/2017]
[Deleted by Act 12 of 2021]
In addition to the power conferred on the Deputy Commissioner of Police by subsection (1), if a person who holds a driving licence — (a) fails to comply with any process of court issued against him or her in respect of any offence committed by him or her under this Act or the rules or any written law specified in Part 2 of the First Schedule; or (b) is arrested under a warrant of court in connection with an offence under this Act or the rules or any written law specified in Part 2 of the First Schedule and the offence has not been tried and determined by the court, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, as he or she thinks fit, suspend the driving licence held by that person until the Deputy Commissioner of Police is satisfied that that person has complied with the process of court mentioned in paragraph (a) or until the offence mentioned in paragraph (b) has been tried and determined by the court, as the case may be. [10/2017]
(a) stating that the Deputy Commissioner of Police proposes to suspend the person’s driving licence on such date (called in this section the proposed suspension date) being at least 4 weeks after the date of giving the notice; (b) setting out the reasons for suspending the person’s driving licence; and (c) specifying the period (being at least 4 weeks after the date of giving the notice) within which representations or objections with respect to the proposed suspension may be made. [19/2019]
Then, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, after considering any representations or objections which are duly made within the period mentioned in subsection (1)(c) and not withdrawn by the person concerned — (a) suspend the person’s driving licence on the proposed suspension date; or (b) postpone the proposed suspension date to a later date if the person represents to the Deputy Commissioner of Police that the person will attend a prescribed course on safe driving, and suspend the person’s driving licence on the later date on completion of that course. [19/2019]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police must immediately inform the person concerned of his or her decision under subsection (2). [19/2019]
However, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, on his or her own initiative, rescind the suspension of a person’s driving licence, after re‑considering any representations or objections made by that person within the period mentioned in subsection (1)(c). [19/2019]
This section applies only in relation to a notice given by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under subsection (1) on or after 29 June 2021, and section 46 as in force immediately before that date continues to apply in relation to a notice given by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under that section before that date. [19/2019]
him or her. [19/2019]
Any person whose driving licence has been suspended under section 45 must immediately surrender the driving licence (if not issued in electronic form) to the Deputy Commissioner of Police. [19/2019]
At the end of a period of suspension, a driving licence surrendered to the Deputy Commissioner of Police under subsection (2) must be returned to the holder of the driving licence and, in the case only of a driving licence suspended under section 45(1), the points awarded against him or her must be cancelled.
Any person whose driving licence has been suspended under section 45 must not during the period of suspension drive a motor vehicle on a road under any other driving licence issued by any authority or otherwise.
Any person who drives a motor vehicle on a road when his or her driving licence is suspended under section 45 shall be guilty of an offence. against any person who, while driving a motor vehicle on a road or in any public place, was involved in any traffic incident resulting in — (a) serious injury or death to another person; or (b) serious damage to any building or structure, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, immediately upon or at any time after the start of the police investigation, suspend the driving licence of that person. [24/2010] (1A) At the start of or during any police investigation into the possible commission on or after 1 November 2019 by a person of any offence under section 64, 67 or 116, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may suspend the driving licence of the person. [19/2019]
Subsection (1) applies in respect of any of the following offences: (a) an offence under section 65 or 65A; (aa) an offence under section 64, 66 or 67 as in force immediately before 1 November 2019; (b) an offence under section 84(7) arising from a failure to comply with section 84(3); (c) an offence under section 3 of the Motor Vehicles (Third‑Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960; (d) an offence under section 279, 304A or 338 of the Penal Code 1871. [24/2010; 28/2014; 19/2019]
The suspension of a person’s driving licence under subsection (1) or (1A), unless it is sooner rescinded by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under subsection (10), remains in force until the offence on account of which the person’s driving licence is so suspended has been tried and determined by a court. [24/2010; 19/2019]
Where the Deputy Commissioner of Police suspends the driving licence of a person under subsection (1) or (1A), the Deputy Commissioner of Police must, as soon as is practicable, give to the person concerned a written notice — (a) informing the person concerned of the suspension of his or her driving licence and the date from which the suspension is to take effect; and (b) requiring the person concerned to surrender his or her driving licence to the Deputy Commissioner of Police within the time specified in the notice. [24/2010; 19/2019]
A person who refuses or fails, without reasonable cause, or excuse to surrender his or her driving licence to the Deputy Commissioner of Police under subsection (4) shall be guilty of an offence.
Any person whose driving licence has been suspended under this section must not during the period of suspension drive a motor vehicle on a road under any other driving licence granted by any authority or otherwise.
Any person who drives a motor vehicle on a road when his or her driving licence is suspended under this section shall be guilty of an offence.
A person aggrieved by the suspension of his or her driving licence under subsection (1) or (1A) may, within 14 days after the receipt of the notice mentioned in subsection (4) or any extended period of time that the Commissioner of Police may allow in any particular case, appeal in writing against the suspension to the Commissioner of Police whose decision is final. [24/2010; 28/2014; 19/2019]
Even though any appeal under subsection (8) is pending, the suspension of a person’s driving licence under subsection (1) or (1A) takes effect from the date specified in the notice given to him or her by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under subsection (4), unless the Commissioner of Police otherwise orders. [24/2010; 28/2014; 19/2019]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police may, at any time, rescind the suspension of a person’s driving licence under subsection (1) or (1A) on account of any offence mentioned in subsection (2) or (1A), respectively, but must, as soon as is practicable, rescind the suspension if — (a) the investigation reveals that that person was not involved in the commission of any such offence; (b) it is decided that that person is not to be charged with any such offence; or (c) the charge against that person in respect of any such offence is withdrawn. [24/2010; 19/2019]
In this section, “structure” has the meaning given by section 65A(2). [24/2010] $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 4 years or to both. [19/2019] (a) a court to order that a person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence; or (b) the Deputy Commissioner of Police to suspend or revoke a driving licence of any person, the provision is, in relation to the holder of a foreign driving licence, to be read as empowering the court or the Deputy Commissioner of Police to make an order (called in this section a prohibition order) prohibiting the holder of the foreign driving licence from driving any motor vehicle in Singapore for the same period for which the court or the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, by virtue of that provision, disqualify any person from holding or obtaining a driving licence or suspend or revoke the driving licence of any person, as the case may be. [24/2010]
Any other provision of this Act which relates or which makes reference to the disqualification of persons from holding or obtaining a driving licence or to the suspension or revocation of driving licences, including any provision which provides for the punishment of any offence committed by a person who has been disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence or whose driving licence has been suspended or revoked, is, in relation to the holder of a foreign driving licence, to be read as if every reference in that provision to the disqualification of a person from holding or obtaining a driving licence or to the suspension or revocation of the driving licence of any person were a reference to the making of a prohibition order against the holder of a foreign driving licence. [24/2010]
The Minister may make rules for modifying, in any manner that he or she may consider necessary, any of the provisions of this Act which relates or refers to the disqualification of persons from holding or obtaining a driving licence or to the suspension or revocation of driving licences in order that the provision may appropriately apply in relation to the holder of a foreign driving licence against whom a prohibition order has been made under this section. [24/2010]
In this section, “holder of a foreign driving licence” means a person who holds a foreign driving licence and who is allowed by section 38(1) or (3) to drive a motor vehicle in Singapore using the foreign driving licence, but does not include any member of any visiting force or a civilian component thereof to whom section 38(4) applies. [24/2010; 28/2014]
[12/2021] (a) rides on a road a test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle; (b) is not granted a competency test certificate for that class or description of test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle certifying that the individual has passed the prescribed test of competence for that class or description of test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle; and (c) is not excluded under subsection (2) or not exempted from this provision under section 142. [12/2021]
Subsection (1) does not apply to an individual riding a test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle in circumstances prescribed in rules made under section 48. [12/2021]
An individual who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; but (b) where the individual is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [12/2021] competence for the road‑only PAB. [12/2021]
The test authority may grant under subsection (1) an individual a competency test certificate certifying that the individual has passed the prescribed test of competence for riding a road‑only PAB if, and only if, the test authority is satisfied that the individual — (a) has attended and successfully completed, not earlier than a prescribed time before that application is made, a prescribed test of competence relating to the road‑only PAB; and (b) is not below the minimum riding age (if prescribed) for the purposes of section 62 relating to the road‑only PAB. [12/2021]
An application for a competency test certificate relating to a road‑only PAB must — (a) be in the form and manner the test authority requires; (b) be accompanied by an application fee, if prescribed; (c) state the description of the road‑only PAB that is the subject of the application; and (d) contain an undertaking to take, or a declaration that the applicant has attended and successfully completed (as the case may be) a prescribed test of competence to ride the road‑only PAB that is the subject of the application. [12/2021]
The test authority may refuse to consider an application under subsection (3) that is incomplete or not made in accordance with this section. [12/2021]
To avoid doubt, a competency test certificate may be granted in a digital form, consisting of evidence of the grant of the competency test certificate using information relating to the individual granted the competency test certificate that is displayed on a mobile communication device or other electronic device. [12/2021] (a) for the period specified in the competency test certificate; or (b) for the natural life of the individual if no period in paragraph (a) is specified. [12/2021]
A test authority may cancel a competency test certificate granted under section 47H(1) to an individual for a road‑only PAB if — (a) the test authority is satisfied that the competency test certificate had been obtained by the individual by fraud or misrepresentation; or (b) the prescribed test of competence for the road‑only PAB has so materially changed after the grant of the competency test certificate as to affect the assessment of the individual’s continued competency to ride the road‑only PAB. [12/2021]
A competency test certificate granted under section 47H(1) to an individual may be cancelled by a test authority under subsection (2) by the test authority giving notice to the individual concerned of the cancellation. [12/2021]
A competency test certificate that is cancelled under subsection (2) is void from the date of cancellation specified in the notice under subsection (3). [12/2021] (a) has in the person’s possession, without lawful authority or a reasonable excuse, an article so resembling a competency test certificate granted under section 47H(1) as to be calculated to deceive; (b) alters a competency test certificate which is granted under section 47H(1) in a way that is calculated to deceive; (c) dishonestly alters or uses a competency test certificate granted under section 47H(1); or (d) dishonestly lends, or allows another person to use, a competency test certificate granted under section 47H(1). [12/2021]
A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [12/2021] (a) the person employs, or intentionally or negligently allows, an individual to ride on a road a test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle of a class or description; (b) the individual in paragraph (a) is not granted a competency test certificate for that class or description of test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle and is not excluded under section 47G(2); and (c) the person knows that, or is negligent as to whether, the individual is not granted a competency test certificate for that class or description of test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle. [12/2021]
To avoid doubt, subsection (1) does not apply to a person who carries on at any premises a business of selling test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicles allowing, in the course of that business and for the purpose of selling the vehicle, a customer of the business concerned at the customer’s request to ride a test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle within any part of those premises not comprising a road. [12/2021]
An individual who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; but (b) where the individual is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [12/2021]
For the purposes of subsection (3), an individual is a repeat offender in relation to an offence under subsection (1) if the individual who is convicted, or found guilty, of an offence under subsection (1) has been convicted or found guilty on at least one other earlier occasion of an offence under subsection (1). [12/2021] (a) the identity of the rider; and (b) the authority by which the competency test certificate was granted. [12/2021]
A rider of a vehicle to whom an order under subsection (1) is given who refuses or neglects to comply with the order commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; but (b) where the individual is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [12/2021]
However, subsection (2) does not apply if within 48 hours after an order is given to a rider of a vehicle under subsection (1), the rider produces the competency test certificate in person at any police station or other place that is specified by the police officer or duly authorised person (as the case may be) at the time the order was given. [12/2021]
An individual to whom a digital competency test certificate is granted who holds, or produces or carries a mobile communication device or other electronic device on which the digital competency test certificate is displayed for the purpose of complying with an order under subsection (1) to produce a competency test certificate, is taken to have produced a competency test certificate for that purpose. [12/2021]
However, a digital competency test certificate is not displayed for the purpose of complying with an order under subsection (1) to produce or carry a competency test certificate if — (a) the screen of the mobile communication device or other electronic device on which it is purportedly displayed is unable to be read by the person to whom it is displayed due to cracking, dimming, dirt or any other fault, damage or obstruction; (b) the individual fails or refuses to comply with a reasonable request by the person to whom it is purported to be displayed to facilitate the reading, copying or scanning of the whole or any part of the digital competency test certificate; or (c) the holder of the digital competency test certificate refuses to comply with a reasonable direction to refresh the display of the digital competency test certificate. [12/2021]
To avoid doubt, an individual who displays or purports to display a digital competency test certificate is not required to give or hand over, to the person who is requiring the competency test certificate to be produced or handed over, the mobile communication device or other electronic device on which the digital competency test certificate is displayed or purported to be displayed. [12/2021]
An individual is a repeat offender in relation to an offence under subsection (2) if the individual who is convicted, or found guilty, of an offence under subsection (2) has been convicted or found guilty on at least one other earlier occasion of an offence under subsection (2). [12/2021]
A reference to a duly authorised person in this section or section 47M or 47N is a reference to an individual appointed under this subsection by the Minister as an authorised person for the purposes of that section, is authorised by the Minister to exercise any powers under that section and is acting within that authorisation. [12/2021] (a) produces to a police officer or duly authorised person — (i) a competency test certificate that is altered in a way that is calculated to deceive (whether or not it was already a false document before the alteration or it was altered by the individual), knowing that it is so altered; (ii) an article resembling a competency test certificate and calculated to deceive, knowing that the article is not a competency test certificate; or (iii) a competency test certificate that was not granted to the individual, knowing that it was not so granted to that individual; and (b) with the intention of dishonestly inducing the police officer or duly authorised person to accept it as genuine, commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [12/2021] (a) the competency test certificate or article is produced to the police officer or duly authorised person (as the case may be) pursuant to an order under section 47L(1) or otherwise, by an individual who represents it as a competency test certificate granted to that individual; and (b) the police officer or duly authorised person (as the case may be) has reason to believe that — (i) the competency test certificate is unlawfully in the possession of that individual who produced it; or (ii) the competency test certificate or article is evidence of the commission of an offence under section 47J(1) or 47M, or section 23H(1) or 47(6) of the Active Mobility Act 2017. [12/2021]
Every competency test certificate seized under subsection (1) must be forwarded to the relevant authority who issued the competency test certificate, and the relevant authority may — (a) return the competency test certificate to the individual who produced it, if the relevant authority is satisfied that the competency test certificate was lawfully in the possession of the individual who produced it; or (b) in any other case, deal with it in such manner as the test authority thinks fit. [12/2021]
However, the authority conferred by subsection (1) to seize a competency test certificate or any article resembling a competency test certificate does not extend to a mobile communication device or other electronic device on which a digital competency test certificate is displayed. [12/2021]
[12/2021]
(a) to regulate the granting and renewal of driving licences under section 35 or competency test certificates under section 47H(1), to prescribe the form of application for and the contents of driving licences under section 35 or competency test certificates under section 47H(1), to prescribe the fees to be charged therefor and the manner of payment thereof; (b) with respect to the nature of tests of competence to drive a motor vehicle or ride a road‑only PAB on roads, the administration of the tests of competence, and evidence of the result of attending and successfully completing any such test; (c) to require a person submitting himself or herself for a test to provide a motor vehicle for the purpose thereof and to prescribe the fee to be charged for a test; (d) to ensure that a person submitting himself or herself for a test and failing to pass that test is not eligible to submit himself or herself for another test by the same or any other person before the end of a prescribed period except under an order made by a court under the power conferred by section 36(7); (e) to prescribe the record to be kept in respect of driving licences under section 35 or competency test certificates under section 47H(1); (f) to provide special facilities for granting driving licences to persons not resident in Singapore; (g) for modifying the provisions of this Part relating to the licensing of drivers of motor vehicles in the case of persons resident abroad and who enter Singapore intending to make only a temporary stay in Singapore; (h) to make any particulars with respect to persons, who are disqualified from holding or obtaining driving licences or whose licences are suspended, available for use by the Deputy Commissioner of Police, to prevent a person holding more than one driving licence, to facilitate the identification of holders of driving licences, to provide for the issue of a new licence in the place of a driving licence lost or defaced on payment of a prescribed fee (if any) and in connection with driving licences generally; and (i) to prescribe the circumstances in which a person may be required to be certified by a registered medical practitioner as fit to drive a vehicle, or may be required by the Deputy Commissioner of Police to pass any prescribed test of competence to drive, before the granting or renewal of the person’s driving licence. [28/2014; 12/2021]
The Minister may by those rules confer on the Deputy Commissioner of Police a discretion to waive, in any particular case, the application of any of those rules to or in relation to any person subject to any conditions that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may impose. [28/2014]
specified in the certificate or document, the vehicle being in the possession of the Singapore Armed Forces or the Singapore Civil Defence Force, even though he or she has not been granted a driving licence under this Part.
LICENSING OF DRIVING INSTRUCTORS AND DRIVING SCHOOLS
A person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
The Minister may exempt any body or organisation from subsection (1) subject to any conditions that he or she thinks fit to impose.
Upon receiving an application under subsection (1), the Deputy Commissioner of Police must consider the application and may grant an instructor’s licence, with or without conditions, or refuse to grant such a licence.
Where an instructor’s licence is subject to conditions, the driving instructor to whom the licence is granted must comply with the conditions.
The Deputy Commissioner of Police may at any time vary or revoke any of the existing conditions of an instructor’s licence or impose conditions or additional conditions thereto.
A driving instructor who fails to comply with any of the conditions of the instructor’s licence shall be guilty of an offence.
(a) if the Deputy Commissioner of Police is satisfied that the driving instructor — (i) has improperly obtained the instructor’s licence contrary to the provisions of this Part or any rules made thereunder; (ii) is no longer a fit and proper person to continue to hold an instructor’s licence by reason of the driving instructor’s conduct or physical disability; or (iii) is contravening or has contravened any of the provisions of this Part or any rules made thereunder; or (b) if the Deputy Commissioner of Police considers it in the public interest to do so.
The Deputy Commissioner of Police must, before revoking or suspending an instructor’s licence under subsection (1), give the driving instructor concerned written notice of his or her intention to do so specifying a date, at least 14 days after the date of the notice, upon which the revocation or suspension is to be made and calling upon the driving instructor to show cause to the Deputy Commissioner of Police why the instructor’s licence should not be revoked or suspended.
Where the Deputy Commissioner of Police has revoked or suspended an instructor’s licence under subsection (1), he or she must immediately inform the driving instructor concerned by written notice of the revocation or suspension.
A driving instructor may, within 14 days of the receipt of the notice mentioned in subsection (3), appeal in writing against the revocation or suspension to the Commissioner of Police whose decision is final. [4/2006; 28/2014]
An order of revocation or suspension does not take effect until the end of a period of 14 days after the Deputy Commissioner of Police has informed the driving instructor concerned of the order.
If within that period the driving instructor concerned appeals to the Commissioner of Police, the order does not take effect until it is confirmed by the Commissioner of Police or the appeal is for any reason dismissed by the Commissioner of Police. [28/2014]
Where an order of revocation or suspension becomes effective under subsection (5), the driving instructor concerned must, as from the date when the order becomes effective, cease to give instruction to any person in the driving of a motor vehicle.
A driving instructor whose licence has been revoked under this section must immediately surrender it to the Deputy Commissioner of Police.
A person carries on the business of a driving school if the person engages or employs other persons or agents to give instruction to persons in the driving of a motor vehicle.
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
On receipt of an application, the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require the applicant to furnish him or her with any additional documents or information that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require.
The Deputy Commissioner of Police may grant a driving school licence, with or without conditions, or refuse to grant such a licence.
(a) has carried on the driving school in an improper or unsatisfactory manner; (b) has failed to comply with any of the conditions upon which the driving school licence was granted; or (c) has been convicted of an offence under this Act or the rules. [10/2017]
(a) specifying a date, at least 14 days after the date of the notice, upon which the revocation and forfeiture is to be made; and (b) calling upon the owner to show cause to the Deputy Commissioner of Police why the owner’s licence should not be revoked and why the owner’s deposit should not be forfeited.
The Deputy Commissioner of Police, on receiving any representation from the owner of the driving school, may instead of revoking the owner’s licence and forfeiting any deposit under section 57 impose on the owner a penalty not exceeding $500 and may recover the penalty from the cash deposit given by the owner to the Deputy Commissioner of Police.
Any person aggrieved by the decision made by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under section 57 may, within 14 days of the written notification to the person of the decision of the Deputy Commissioner of Police, appeal in writing to the Minister whose decision is final.
(a) in the case of a driving school licence — to the Minister; or (b) in the case of an instructor’s licence — to the Commissioner of Police. [28/2014]
The decision of the Minister or the Commissioner of Police (as the case may be) in an appeal under subsection (1) is final. [28/2014]
(a) regulating the granting of any licence under this Part and prescribing the form of application for and the contents of such licence; (b) requiring persons desiring to be driving instructors to attend and pass courses on driving instruction and any other tests and examinations that may be prescribed; (c) prescribing the kind of motor vehicles which may be used for driving instruction and driving tests and the conditions that must be complied with before such vehicles may be so used; (d) regulating the conduct of driving instructors when giving driving instruction; (e) regulating the activities of driving schools and prescribing the manner in which driving schools must conduct their business; (f) prescribing the maximum age of a driving instructor beyond which his or her instructor’s licence may not be renewed; (g) prescribing the form of records to be kept by driving instructors and driving schools and the particulars to be entered therein; (h) prescribing the conditions for a licence and the forms to be issued under this Part; (i) prescribing the duration of any licence granted under this Part; (j) prescribing the deposits payable by owners of driving schools; (k) exempting any person or class of persons from the provisions of this Part; and (l) prescribing fees for the purposes of this Part.
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO ROAD TRAFFIC
(a) ride on a road a test‑needed‑to‑ride‑on‑road vehicle when the person is below the prescribed minimum riding age (if any) for riding such a vehicle on a road; (b) drive on a road any other motor vehicle when the person is below 18 years of age. [12/2021]
A person who has attained 18 years of age but who is below 21 years of age must not drive a heavy locomotive, light locomotive, motor tractor or heavy motor car on a road.
The burden of establishing his or her age rests on the applicant for a driving licence or competency test certificate. [12/2021]
A person who drives or causes or permits any person to drive a motor vehicle in contravention of this section shall be guilty of an offence.
A person prohibited by this section by reason of his or her age from driving a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle of any class is, for the purposes of Part 2, deemed to be disqualified under the provisions of that Part from holding or obtaining any licence other than a licence to drive any motor vehicles that he or she is not by this section forbidden to drive. (a) heavy locomotives; (b) light locomotives; (c) motor tractors; (d) heavy motor cars. [28/2014]
prescribed as the maximum speed in relation to a vehicle of that class or description. [10/2017]
The Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, prohibit the driving of motor vehicles generally or of particular classes of motor vehicles above a specified speed over any specified road or part of a specified road either generally or for a specified time or times.
So long as any prohibition made under subsection (2) remains in force, the Minister may cause or permit to be placed or erected and maintained traffic signs which state the substance of the notification in the Gazette containing the prohibition and which are placed in positions that give adequate notice thereof to drivers of motor vehicles.
A person who drives a motor vehicle on a road at a speed exceeding any speed limit imposed by or in exercise of powers conferred by this Act shall be guilty of an offence.
[10/2017; 19/2019]
If death is caused to another person by the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall be punished with the following on conviction of an offence under subsection (1): (a) with imprisonment for a term of not less than 2 years and not more than 8 years; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, with imprisonment for a term of not less than 4 years and not more than 15 years; (c) where the offender is a serious offender in relation to the driving, with imprisonment for a term of not less than one year and not more than 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, with imprisonment for a term of not less than 2 years and not more than 4 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019] (2A) If grievous hurt is caused to another person by the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall be punished with the following on conviction of an offence under subsection (1): (a) with imprisonment for a term of not less than one year and not more than 5 years; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, with imprisonment for a term of not less than 2 years and not more than 10 years; (c) where the offender is a serious offender in relation to the driving, with a fine of not less than $2,000 and not more than $10,000 and with imprisonment for a term of not less than 6 months and not more than one year, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, with a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $20,000 and with imprisonment for a term of not less than one year and not more than 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019] (2B) If hurt is caused to another person by the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall on conviction of an offence under subsection (1) — (a) be liable to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, be liable to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 4 years or to both; (c) where the offender is a serious offender in relation to the driving, be liable to a fine of not less than $2,000 and not more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); or (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, be punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $20,000 and with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019] (2C) In any other case involving the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall on conviction of an offence under subsection (1) — (a) be liable to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, be liable to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both; (c) where the offender is a serious offender in relation to the driving, be liable to a fine of not less than $2,000 and not more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); or (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, be punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $20,000 and with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019] (2D) A court convicting a person of an offence under subsection (1) in the following cases is to, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to not order or to order otherwise, order that the person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a disqualification period of not less than the specified period corresponding to that case: (a) for an offender or a repeat offender in subsection (2)(a) or (b) — 10 years; (b) for a serious offender in subsection (2)(c) — 12 years; (c) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (2)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 15 years; (d) for an offender or a repeat offender in subsection (2A)(a) or (b) — 8 years; (e) for a serious offender in subsection (2A)(c) — 10 years; (f) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (2A)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 13 years; (g) for a serious offender in subsection (2B)(c) — 2 years; (h) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (2B)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 5 years; (i) for a serious offender in subsection (2C)(c) — 2 years; (j) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (2C)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 5 years. [19/2019] (2E) A court convicting a person for an offence under subsection (1) in the following cases is to, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order a shorter disqualification period, order that the person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for life starting on the date of the person’s conviction: (a) a serious repeat offender in subsection (2)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence; (b) a serious repeat offender in subsection (2A)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence; (c) a serious repeat offender in subsection (2B)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence; (d) a serious repeat offender in subsection (2C)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence. [19/2019]
A person is a repeat offender in relation to an offence under subsections (2)(b), (2A)(b), (2B)(b) and (2C)(b), respectively, if the person in the respective subsection has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on at least one other earlier occasion of any of the following offences: (a) an offence under subsection (1); (b) an offence under section 63, 65 or 116; (c) an offence under this section, or section 65 or 66, as in force immediately before 1 November 2019; (d) an offence under section 279, 304A, 336, 337 or 338 of the Penal Code 1871 where the act constituting the offence involves the use of a motor vehicle. [19/2019]
Where a person is convicted of abetting the commission of an offence under this section and it is proved that the person was present in the motor vehicle at the time of the commission of the offence, the offence of which the person is convicted is, for the purpose of the provisions of Part 2 relating to disqualification from holding or obtaining driving licences, deemed to be an offence in connection with the driving of a motor vehicle.
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person committing an offence under this section.
Despite the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under this section and has power to impose the full punishment specified in this section. [19/2019]
Where subsections (2) and (2A) prescribe a minimum term of imprisonment on conviction of an offence under subsection (1), the court is to impose a sentence of imprisonment that is equal to or greater than that prescribed minimum term of imprisonment unless the court, for special reasons, thinks fit to order a shorter term of imprisonment. [19/2019]
In this section and section 65 — “disqualification period”, for an offender convicted of an offence under subsection (1), means a period starting on the later of the following dates: (a) the date of the offender’s conviction; (b) the date of the offender’s release from imprisonment, if the offender is sentenced to imprisonment; “grievous hurt” has the meaning given by section 320 (except paragraph (aa)) of the Penal Code 1871; “serious offender” means an offender who is convicted of an offence under section 67 or 70(4) in relation to the offender’s driving which is an offence under subsection (1); “serious repeat offender” means an offender who — (a) is convicted of an offence under section 67 or 70(4) in relation to the offender’s driving which is an offence under subsection (1); and (b) has been convicted on at least one other earlier occasion of a specified offence; “specified offence” means — (a) an offence under section 67, 68 or 70(4); or (b) an offence under section 67 as in force immediately before 1 November 2019. [19/2019]
(a) without due care and attention; or (b) without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road, the person (called the offender) shall be guilty of an offence. [19/2019]
If death is caused to another person by the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall on conviction of an offence under subsection (1) — (a) be liable to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or to both; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, be liable to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 years or to both; (c) where the person is a serious offender in relation to the driving, be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); or (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 4 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019]
If grievous hurt is caused to another person by the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall on conviction of an offence under subsection (1) — (a) be liable to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, be liable to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 4 years or to both; (c) where the person is a serious offender in relation to the driving, be punished with a fine of not less than $2,000 and not more than $10,000 and with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); or (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, be punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $20,000 and with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019]
If hurt is caused to another person by the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall on conviction of an offence under subsection (1) — (a) be liable to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; (b) in the case of a repeat offender, be liable to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both; (c) where the person is a serious offender in relation to the driving, be liable to a fine of not less than $2,000 and not more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); or (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, be punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $20,000 and with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019]
In any other case involving the driving of a motor vehicle by the offender, the offender shall on conviction of an offence under subsection (1) — (a) be liable to a fine not exceeding $1,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; (b) where the person is a repeat offender, be liable to a fine not exceeding $3,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; (c) where the person is a serious offender in relation to the driving, be liable to a fine of not less than $2,000 and not more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b); or (d) where the offender is a serious repeat offender in relation to the driving, be punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $20,000 and with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, in addition to any punishment under paragraph (a) or (b). [19/2019]
A court convicting a person of an offence under subsection (1) in the following cases is to, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to not order or to order otherwise, order that the person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a disqualification period of not less than the specified period corresponding to that case: (a) for an offender or a repeat offender in subsection (2)(a) or (b) — 8 years; (b) for a serious offender in subsection (2)(c) — 10 years; (c) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (2)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 13 years; (d) for an offender or a repeat offender in subsection (3)(a) or (b) — 5 years; (e) for a serious offender in subsection (3)(c) — 7 years; (f) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (3)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 10 years; (g) for a serious offender in subsection (4)(c) — 2 years; (h) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (4)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 5 years; (i) for a serious offender in subsection (5)(c) — 2 years; (j) for a serious repeat offender in subsection (5)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on only one earlier occasion of any specified offence — 5 years. [19/2019]
A court convicting a person for an offence under subsection (1) in the following cases is to, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order a shorter disqualification period, order that the person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for life starting on the date of the person’s conviction: (a) a serious repeat offender in subsection (2)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence; (b) a serious repeat offender in subsection (3)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence; (c) a serious repeat offender in subsection (4)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence; (d) a serious repeat offender in subsection (5)(d) who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of any specified offence. [19/2019]
A person is a repeat offender in relation to an offence punishable under subsections (2)(b), (3)(b), (4)(b) and (5)(b), respectively, if the person in the respective subsection has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on at least one other earlier occasion of any of the following offences: (a) an offence under subsection (1); (b) an offence under section 63, 64 or 116; (c) an offence under this section, or section 64 or 66, as in force immediately before 1 November 2019; (d) an offence under section 279, 304A, 336, 337 or 338 of the Penal Code 1871 where the act constituting the offence involves the use of a motor vehicle. [19/2019]
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person committing an offence under this section. [19/2019]
Despite the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under this section and has power to impose the full punishment specified in this section. [19/2019] (a) section 64(1) as a serious offender in section 64(2)(c) or (2A)(c), or as a serious repeat offender in section 64(2)(d) or (2A)(d); or (b) section 65(1) as a serious offender in section 65(2)(c) or (3)(c), or as a serious repeat offender in section 65(2)(d) or (3)(d), and it is proved to the satisfaction of a court that a motor vehicle has been used in the commission of the offence, the court is to, on the application of the Public Prosecutor, make an order for the forfeiture of the motor vehicle, unless the court is satisfied that — (c) the person who has committed the offence is not the owner of the motor vehicle; and (d) the person who has committed the offence had used the motor vehicle without the consent of the owner. [19/2019]
Where any person has been convicted of an offence under section 64(1) as an offender or a repeat offender in section 64(2)(a) or (b), or section 26(2) of the Police Force Act 2004 (which offence is committed on or after 1 November 2019), and it is proved to the satisfaction of a court that a motor vehicle has been used in the commission of the offence, the court is to, on the application of the Public Prosecutor, make an order for the forfeiture of the motor vehicle, unless — (a) the court is satisfied that — (i) the person who has committed the offence is not the owner of the motor vehicle; and (ii) the person who has committed the offence had used the motor vehicle without the consent of the owner; or (b) the court has other good reasons for ordering otherwise. [19/2019]
Any motor vehicle in respect of which there has been or there is reasonable cause to suspect that there has been committed an offence mentioned in subsection (1) or (2), may be seized by any police officer or the Registrar or any officer authorised in writing by the Registrar. [19/2019]
If there is no prosecution with regard to an offence mentioned in subsection (1) or (2), any motor vehicle seized pursuant to subsection (3) in relation to the offence must be released at the end of one month starting from the date of seizure if it is not earlier released. [19/2019]
In this section, a repeat offender, a serious offender or a serious repeat offender, in relation to an offence under section 64 or 65, has the meaning given by section 64 or 65, respectively. [19/2019] (a) a heavy motor vehicle as defined in section 79(6); or (b) any public service vehicle which is classified as a type of bus under the Second Schedule, causes the heavy motor vehicle or public service vehicle to collide with any building or structure shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both. (1A) The Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, prescribe
[4/2006]
In this section, “structure” includes any bus shelter, gantry post, overhead bridge and pillar. not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [28/2014; 9/2020] (1A) To avoid doubt, subsection (1) does not apply to a mobile communication device that is a wearable device (such as a smart watch), when it is worn by the driver or rider in the manner intended by the manufacturer of the wearable device. [9/2020]
Where a person who is convicted or found guilty of an offence under subsection (1) is a repeat offender, the person is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [28/2014]
In this section — “communicative function” means any of the following functions: (a) sending or receiving oral or written messages, audio phone calls or video calls; (b) sending or receiving electronic documents; (c) sending or receiving still or moving images; (d) sending or receiving audio or video files; (e) providing access to the Internet; “mobile communication device” means — (a) a mobile phone; or (b) any wireless handheld device (such as a tablet computer) or wearable device (such as a smart watch) designed or capable of being used for a communicative function; “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who is convicted or found guilty of that offence (called the current offence) and who was previously convicted or found guilty of — (a) an offence under subsection (1); (b) an offence under section 65B as in force immediately before 1 February 2015; or (c) an offence under section 65B as in force immediately before 1 August 2020, on at least one previous occasion before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence. [28/2014; 9/2020]
(a) is unfit to drive in that he or she is under the influence of drink, a drug, a psychoactive substance or an intoxicating substance to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle; or [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] (b) has so much alcohol in his or her body that the proportion of it in his or her breath or blood exceeds the prescribed limit, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine of not less than $2,000 and not more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $20,000 and to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years. [19/2019]
Subject to sections 64(2D) and (2E) and 65(6) and (7), a court convicting a person for an offence under this section in the following cases is to, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to not order or to order otherwise, order that the person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of not less than the specified period corresponding to that case, starting on the date of the person’s conviction or, where the person is sentenced to imprisonment, on the date of the person’s release from prison: (a) for a first offender — 2 years; (b) for a repeat offender — 5 years. [19/2019] (2A) Subject to sections 64(2D) and (2E) and 65(6) and (7), where a court convicts a person for an offence under subsection (1) and the person has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on 2 or more earlier occasions of an offence under subsection (1), section 68, or subsection (1) as in force immediately before 1 November 2019, the court is to, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order a shorter period of disqualification, order that the person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for life starting on the date of the person’s conviction. [19/2019]
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person committing an offence under this section.
In this section, a repeat offender means a person who is convicted of an offence under this section and who has been convicted (whether before, on or after 1 November 2019) on one other earlier occasion of — (a) an offence under subsection (1) or section 68; or (b) an offence under subsection (1) as in force immediately before 1 November 2019. [19/2019] [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] (a) where the court is satisfied, by reason of the person’s previous convictions or the person’s antecedents, that it is expedient for the protection of the public or with the view to the prevention of further commission of any such offence that a punishment in excess of that prescribed for such a conviction should be awarded, then the court may punish the offender with punishment not exceeding 3 times the amount of punishment to which he or she would otherwise have been liable for the conviction except that where imprisonment is imposed it shall not exceed 10 years; (b) despite sections 303 and 309 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, if — (i) the offender causes any serious injury or death to another person when committing — (A) whether before, on or after 1 November 2019 the offence under section 43(4), 47(5), 47C(7), 63(4), 64(1) or 67(1); (B) on or after 1 November 2019, the offence under section 65(1) or 68(1); or (C) the offence under section 43(4), 64(1), 66(1) or 67(1) as in force immediately before 1 November 2019; or (ii) in the case of an offender under section 70(4), the offender had, in driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle at the time of any accident leading to the offender’s arrest under section 69(5), caused any serious injury or death to another person, the court may also punish the offender, subject to sections 325(1) and 330(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, with caning with not more than 6 strokes. [15/2010; 19/2019; 12/2021]
This section does not apply to a person who has been convicted of an offence under section 63(4) unless the court is satisfied that in committing the offence and the offence in respect of which he or she had been previously convicted, he or she had driven a motor vehicle on a road at a speed which exceeded by 40 kilometres per hour the speed limit imposed by or in exercise of powers conferred by this Act.
In subsection (1) — “serious injury” has the meaning given by section 47D; “specified offence” means an offence under — (a) section 43(4), 47(5), 47C(7), 63(4), 64(1), 67(1) or 70(4) that is committed whether before, on or after 1 November 2019; (b) section 65(1) or 68(1) that is committed on or after 1 November 2019; or (c) section 43(4), 64(1), 66(1) or 67(1) as in force immediately before 1 November 2019. [19/2019]
Despite any provision to the contrary in the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, a District Court or Magistrate’s Court may award the full punishment prescribed by this section.
(a) is unfit to drive in that he or she is under the influence of drink, a drug, a psychoactive substance or an intoxicating substance to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of a vehicle; or [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] (b) has so much alcohol in his or her body that the proportion of it in his or her breath or blood exceeds the prescribed limit, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine of not less than $500 and not more than $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine of not less than $1,000 and not more than $5,000 and to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months.
For the purpose of subsection (1), a person is deemed not to have been in charge of a motor vehicle if the person proves — (a) that at the material time the circumstances were such that there was no likelihood of the person’s driving the vehicle so long as he or she remained so unfit to drive or so long as the proportion of alcohol in his or her breath or blood remained in excess of the prescribed limit; and (b) that between the person becoming so unfit to drive and the material time, or between the time when the proportion of alcohol in his or her breath or blood first exceeded the prescribed limit and the material time, he or she had not driven the vehicle on a road or other public place.
On a second or subsequent conviction for an offence under this section, the offender is, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order otherwise and without prejudice to the power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification, disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of 12 months from the date of his or her release from prison.
Where a person convicted of an offence under this section has been previously convicted of an offence under section 67, he or she is treated for the purpose of this section as having been previously convicted under this section.
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person committing an offence under this section. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]
(a) a person driving or attempting to drive or in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place has alcohol in his or her body or has committed a traffic offence while the vehicle was in motion; (b) a person has been driving or attempting to drive or been in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place with alcohol in his or her body and that he or she still has alcohol in his or her body; (c) a person has been driving or attempting to drive or been in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place and has committed a traffic offence while the vehicle was in motion; or (d) a person has been driving or attempting to drive or been in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place when an accident occurred — (i) between that motor vehicle and one or more other motor vehicles; or (ii) causing any injury or death to another person, the police officer may, subject to section 71, require that person to provide a specimen of his or her breath for a preliminary breath test. [10/2017]
A person may be required under subsection (1) to provide a specimen of his or her breath either at or near the place where the requirement is made or, if the requirement is made under subsection (1)(d) and the police officer making the requirement thinks fit, at a police station specified by the police officer.
A preliminary breath test required under subsection (1) must be conducted by a police officer. [11/96; 10/2017]
A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to provide a specimen of his or her breath when required to do so pursuant to this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine of not less than $1,000 and not more than $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine of not less than $3,000 and not more than $10,000 and to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months.
A police officer may arrest a person without warrant if — (a) as a result of a preliminary breath test the police officer has reasonable cause to suspect that the proportion of alcohol in that person’s breath or blood exceeds the prescribed limit; (b) that person has failed to provide a specimen of his or her breath for a preliminary breath test when required to do so pursuant to this section and the police officer has reasonable cause to suspect that that person has alcohol in his or her body; or (c) the police officer has reasonable cause to suspect that that person is under the influence of a drug, a psychoactive substance or an intoxicating substance. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] [10/2017]
A person must not be arrested by virtue of subsection (5) when he or she is at a hospital as a patient.
(a) to provide a specimen of his or her breath for a breath test under this section; or (b) to provide to a registered medical practitioner, at any place that may be determined by the police officer, a specimen of his or her blood for a laboratory test, even though he or she has been required to provide a specimen of his or her breath for a preliminary breath test. [28/2014; 10/2017]
A breath test under this section must be conducted by a police officer and may be conducted either at or near the place where the arrest is made, or at a police station. [24/2010]
A requirement under this section to provide a specimen of blood — (a) must not be made unless — (i) the police officer making the requirement has reasonable cause to believe that for medical reasons a specimen of breath cannot be provided or should not be required; (ii) when the requirement is made, there is no breath analysing device of a type approved for a breath test under this section at the police station or at or near the place where the arrest was made, or it is for any other reason not practicable to conduct a breath test under this section; or (iii) the police officer making the requirement has reasonable cause to suspect that the person required to provide the specimen is under the influence of a drug, a psychoactive substance or an intoxicating substance; and [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] (b) may be made even though the person required to provide the specimen has already provided or been required to provide a specimen of his or her breath. [10/2017]
A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to provide a specimen when required to do so pursuant to this section shall be guilty of an offence and if it is shown that at the time of any accident mentioned in section 69(1)(d) or of his or her arrest under section 69(5) — (a) he or she was driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle on a road or any other public place, he or she shall be liable on conviction to be punished as if the offence charged were an offence under section 67; or (b) he or she was in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or any other public place, he or she shall be liable on conviction to be punished as if the offence charged were an offence under section 68.
A police officer must, on requiring any person under this section to provide a specimen for a laboratory test, warn the person that failure to provide a specimen of blood may make the person liable to imprisonment, a fine and disqualification, and, if the police officer fails to do so, the court before which that person is charged with an offence under subsection (4) may dismiss the charge.
The registered medical practitioner mentioned in subsection (1) must not authorise a specimen to be taken where it would be prejudicial to the proper care and treatment of the patient. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]
Where the proceedings are for an offence under section 67(1)(a) or 68(1)(a) and it is alleged that, at the time of the offence, the accused was unfit to drive in that he or she was under the influence of drink, or for an offence under section 67(1)(b) or 68(1)(b), the assumption mentioned in subsection (1) must not be made if the accused proves — (a) that he or she consumed alcohol after he or she had ceased to drive, attempt to drive or be in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or any other public place and before he or she provided the specimen; and (b) that had he or she not done so the proportion of alcohol in his or her breath or blood — (i) would not have been such as to make him or her unfit to drive a motor vehicle in the case of proceedings for an offence under section 67(1)(a) or 68(1)(a); or (ii) would not have exceeded the prescribed limit in the case of proceedings for an offence under section 67(1)(b) or 68(1)(b).
Subject to subsection (5) — (a) evidence of the proportion of alcohol in a specimen of breath may be given by the production of a document or documents purporting to be either a statement automatically produced by a breath analysing device of a type approved for a breath test and a certificate signed by a police officer (which may but need not be contained in the same document as the statement) to the effect that the statement relates to a specimen provided by the accused at the date and time shown in the statement; and (b) evidence of the proportion of alcohol or of any drug, psychoactive substance or intoxicating substance in a specimen of blood may be given by the production of a document purporting to be a certificate signed by an authorised analyst as to the proportion of alcohol, drug, psychoactive substance or intoxicating substance found in a specimen of blood identified in the certificate. [10/2017] [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]
A specimen of blood is to be disregarded unless it was taken from the accused with his or her consent by a registered medical practitioner; but evidence that a specimen of blood was so taken may be given by the production of a document purporting to certify that fact and to be signed by a registered medical practitioner.
A document purporting to be such a statement or such a certificate, or both, as is mentioned in subsection (3) is admissible in evidence on behalf of the prosecution pursuant to this section only if a copy of it has been handed to the accused when the document was produced or has been served on him or her not later than 7 days before the hearing, and any other document is so admissible only if a copy of it has been served on the accused not later than 7 days before the hearing.
A document purporting to be a certificate (or so much of a document as purports to be a certificate) is not so admissible if the accused, not later than 3 days before the hearing or within any further time that the court may in special circumstances allow, has served notice on the prosecution requiring the attendance at the hearing of the person by whom the document purports to be signed.
A copy of a certificate required by this section to be served on the accused or a notice required by this section to be served on the prosecution may be served personally or sent by registered post. (a) was the driver of or attempted to drive or was in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place when an accident occurred — (i) between that motor vehicle and one or more other motor vehicles; or (ii) causing any injury or death to another person; and (b) as a result of any injury sustained by the person in the accident or any other cause is unable to provide a specimen of the person’s breath under section 69 or to give the person’s consent to a specimen of blood being taken from the person for analysis, any registered medical practitioner treating the person for the person’s injury must, if so directed by the Deputy Commissioner of Police, cause any specimen of blood taken by the registered medical practitioner from such person in connection with the person’s treatment to be sent for a laboratory test to determine the proportion of alcohol or of any drug, psychoactive substance or intoxicating substance in the specimen. [28/2014] [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]
In proceedings for an offence under section 67 or 68, evidence of the proportion of alcohol or of any drug, psychoactive substance or intoxicating substance in a specimen of blood analysed pursuant to this section is to be taken into account. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]
Evidence of the proportion of alcohol or of any drug, psychoactive substance or intoxicating substance in a specimen of blood analysed under this section may, subject to subsection (4), be given by the production of a document purporting to be a certificate signed by an authorised analyst as to the proportion of alcohol, drug, psychoactive substance or intoxicating substance found in the specimen of blood identified in the certificate. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]
The provisions of section 71A(5), (6) and (7) apply, with the necessary modifications, to a certificate mentioned in subsection (3) as they apply to a document or certificate mentioned in
“authorised analyst” means any registered medical practitioner, scientific officer or chemist who is employed in a hospital or laboratory to carry out analyses of blood; “breath analysing device” means an instrument or apparatus for ascertainment by analysis of a person’s breath what concentration of alcohol is present in the person’s breath; “breath test” means a test of a specimen of a person’s breath to assess — (a) whether there is alcohol present in the person’s breath; and (b) if alcohol is present, the concentration of alcohol in the person’s breath, by means of a breath analysing device of a type approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police; “fail” includes refuse; “intoxicating substance” has the meaning given by the Intoxicating Substances Act 1987; “police station” includes any place or conveyance authorised or appointed by the Deputy Commissioner of Police to be used as a police station; “preliminary breath test” means a breath test under section 69; “prescribed limit” means — (a) 35 microgrammes of alcohol in 100 millilitres of breath; or (b) 80 milligrammes of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood; [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] “psychoactive substance” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1973. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] [28/2014; 10/2017] (1A) Once a type of breath analysing device is approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police for the purposes of the definition of “breath test” in subsection (1), the Deputy Commissioner of Police must, as soon as practicable, cause to be published in the Gazette a notification specifying each type of breath analysing device so approved by him or her. [28/2014; 10/2017] (1B) However, failure to comply with subsection (1A) in respect of any type of breath analysing device does not invalidate the approval for that type of breath analysing device. [28/2014; 10/2017]
A person is regarded as not providing a specimen of breath for a breath test unless the specimen — (a) is sufficient to enable the test to be carried out; and (b) is provided in a way that enables the objective of the test to be satisfactorily achieved. [10/2017]
Subject to section 71B, a person provides a specimen of blood if and only if the person consents to its being taken by a registered medical practitioner and it is so taken.
If any person is carried on any such motor cycle in contravention of this section, the driver of the motor cycle shall be guilty of an offence.
must wear securely on his or her head a protective helmet of a type approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police. [28/2014] (1A) The driver of a motor cycle (called in this section the motor cycle rider) must not drive the motor cycle where a person is being carried on the motor cycle (called in this section the pillion) so driven by the motor cycle rider unless the pillion is wearing securely on his or her head a protective helmet of a type approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police. [12/2021]
A person must not import, sell or offer for sale or have in the person’s possession for sale any protective helmet which is not of a type approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police. [28/2014] (2A) Once a type of protective helmet is approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police for the purposes of subsections (1) and (2), the Deputy Commissioner of Police must, as soon as practicable, cause to be published in the Gazette a notification specifying each type of protective helmet so approved by him or her. [28/2014] (2B) However, failure to comply with subsection (2A) in respect of any type of protective helmet does not invalidate the approval for that type of protective helmet. [28/2014]
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) or (1A) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; but (b) where the person is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [12/2021] (3A) A person is a repeat offender in relation to an offence under subsection (3) if the person who is convicted, or found guilty, of an offence under that subsection (called the current offence) of contravening subsection (1) or (1A) has (whether before, on or after 30 June 2021) been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of the same offence of contravening subsection (1) or (1A). [12/2021]
Any person who contravenes subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [12/2021]
[28/2014]
Rules under this section — (a) may make different provisions in relation to different classes of vehicles, different descriptions of persons and different circumstances; and (b) may make any prescribed exceptions subject to any conditions that may be prescribed.
approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police. [28/2014]
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.
Once a type of seat belt is approved by the Deputy Commissioner of Police for the purposes of subsection (1) and section 75(1), the Deputy Commissioner of Police must, as soon as practicable, cause to be published in the Gazette a notification specifying each type of seat belt so approved by him or her. [28/2014]
However, failure to comply with subsection (3) in respect of any type of seat belt does not invalidate the approval for that type of seat belt. [28/2014]
Where any locomotive mentioned in subsection (1) is drawing a trailer or trailers on a road, one or more persons in addition to the persons employed as provided under that subsection must be employed for the purpose of attending to the trailer or trailers at the rate of one such additional person for each trailer.
Subsection (2) does not apply to a road roller.
Where a motor vehicle, other than a heavy locomotive or a light locomotive, is drawing a trailer on a road, one person in addition to the driver of the vehicle must be carried on the trailer for the purpose of attending to the trailer.
If any person causes or permits a motor vehicle or trailer to be driven or drawn in contravention of this section, the person shall be guilty of an offence.
The Authority may by rules prescribe the number of attendants who must be, and other persons who may be, carried on goods vehicles and regulate the positions on the vehicle which they may occupy and the duties of those attendants.
The Authority may by rules vary the requirements of this section in respect of any class or description of motor vehicles or any class or description of trailers.
In this section, “trailer” does not include — (a) any vehicle used solely for carrying water for the purposes of the drawing vehicle or any agricultural vehicle not constructed to carry a load; (b) any road sweeping or road construction vehicles; or (c) any trailer or class of trailers exempted from the operation of this section by the Minister.
For the purposes of this section, “trailer” does not include any vehicle used solely for carrying water for the purposes of the drawing vehicle or any agricultural vehicle not constructed to carry a load.
If any person causes or permits a trailer to be drawn in contravention of this section, the person shall be guilty of an offence.
officer appointed in accordance with any written law, shall be guilty of an offence. [4/2006]
A person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — (a) for a first offence, to imprisonment for a presumptive minimum term of not less than one year and not more than 3 years and, in addition, to a fine not exceeding $2,000; and (b) for a second or subsequent offence, to imprisonment for a term of not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years and, in addition, to a fine not exceeding $5,000. [4/2006; 15/2019]
[Deleted by Act 4 of 2006]
A person convicted of an offence under subsection (1) is, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order otherwise and without prejudice to the power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification — (a) in the case of a first offence, to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of not less than one year; and (b) in the case of a second or subsequent offence, to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of not less than 2 years. [4/2006]
Any disqualification imposed against any person under subsection (4) takes effect from the date the person is released from prison.
In this section — “heavy motor vehicle” means — (a) a goods vehicle the weight of which unladen exceeds 2,500 kilogrammes; (b) a motor vehicle which is — (i) an engineering plant or a mobile crane or is designed and constructed for engineering operations; or (ii) drawing a trailer carrying a container or other load; “overall height”, in relation to a heavy motor vehicle, means the distance between the surface on which the vehicle rests and the highest point of the vehicle, and where it is carrying a load the highest point of its load. [4/2006]
owner of the motor vehicle, when required by a police officer, an employee of the Authority or an outsourced enforcement officer to do so, must give to the police officer, Authority’s employee or outsourced enforcement officer (as the case may be), within 14 days after being so required, such information as to — (a) the identity and address of the person who was driving the motor vehicle at or about the time of the alleged offence; and (b) the driving licence held by that person. [28/2014; 10/2017; 38/2018] (1A) An owner of a motor vehicle who fails to give the information required of the owner under subsection (1) is guilty of an offence unless the owner proves, on a balance of probabilities, that the owner did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained the information required. [28/2014] (1B) Where the owner of a motor vehicle who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1A) holds a driving licence, and the driver of the motor vehicle is alleged or suspected to be guilty of an offence specified in Part 1 of the Third Schedule, the owner of the motor vehicle is presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be driving the motor vehicle at the time of the occurrence of the second‑mentioned offence. [28/2014] (1C) For the purposes of subsection (1A), where the owner of the motor vehicle is a company, a partnership or an unincorporated body, the owner is not deemed to have discharged the burden of proving that it could not, with reasonable diligence, have ascertained the information required under subsection (1) unless the owner also proves, on a balance of probabilities, that — (a) it had kept a proper and accurate record as required under subsection (8); but (b) the record shows no person having been permitted by the owner to drive the motor vehicle at or about the time of the alleged offence. [28/2014]
Where the driver of a motor vehicle is alleged or is suspected to be guilty of an offence under this Act or the rules, any other person who was or should have been in charge of the motor vehicle, when required by a police officer, an employee of the Authority or an outsourced enforcement officer to do so, must give to the police officer, Authority’s employee or outsourced enforcement officer (as the case may be), within 14 days after being so required, any information which the person has power to give, and which may lead to the identification of the driver, and if that person fails to do so, that person is guilty of an offence. [28/2014; 10/2017; 38/2018]
A person required under subsection (1) or (2) by a police officer, an employee of the Authority or an outsourced enforcement officer to give information commits an offence if — (a) the person — (i) provides, or causes or permits to be provided, any information in connection with the requirement, which is false or misleading in a material particular; and (ii) knows or ought reasonably to know that, or is reckless as to whether, the information is false or misleading in a material particular; or (b) the person intentionally alters, suppresses or destroys any information which the person is required under subsection (1) or (2) to give, for the purpose of not leading to the identification of the driver. [12/2021] (3A) A person commits an offence if the person pretends, or falsely represents (by word or conduct) himself or herself, to be a person who was driving the motor vehicle at or about the time of an alleged offence that is the subject of a requirement made under subsection (1) or (2), knowing that he or she was not the driver of the motor vehicle. [12/2021] (3B) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (3) or (3A) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [12/2021]
A police officer, an employee of the Authority or an outsourced enforcement officer may require any information to be furnished under subsection (1) or (2) to be in writing signed by the person required to furnish the information. [38/2018]
Despite any other written law to the contrary, any information given under this section by any person charged with any offence under this Act or the rules or any offence in connection with the driving of a motor vehicle may be used as evidence without proof of signature at the hearing of the charge. [10/2017]
Despite any other written law to the contrary, any statement made by any person to any police officer, an employee of the Authority or an outsourced enforcement officer — (a) that a motor vehicle was on a particular occasion being driven by or belonged to that person; or (b) that it belonged to a firm in which that person also stated that he or she was a partner or to a corporation of which that person stated that he or she was a director, officer or employee, is admissible in evidence without proof of signature for the purpose of determining by whom the motor vehicle was on that occasion being driven or who was in charge of it or to whom it belonged. [38/2018]
Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1A) or
shall be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; and (b) in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [10/2017] (7A) [Deleted by Act 12 of 2021]
Where the owner of a vehicle is a company, a partnership or an unincorporated body, it is the duty of such owner to keep (and to that end designate at least one of its responsible officers to ensure keeping) a proper and accurate record of each occasion on which the owner permits any person to drive the motor vehicle, whether or not the person is a director, member, partner, officer, employee or agent of the owner or otherwise, and whether or not the person is permitted to drive the motor vehicle in the course of his or her employment with the owner or otherwise. [24/2010; 12/2021]
The record required to be kept under subsection (8) — (a) must contain — (i) the registration number of the motor vehicle; (ii) the name, address, driving licence number (whether local or foreign) and identity card or passport number of the person permitted by the owner of the motor vehicle to drive the motor vehicle; and (iii) the date and time, or the period, during which the motor vehicle is allocated to the person for him or her to drive it; and (b) must be retained by the owner of the motor vehicle for a period of at least 12 months beginning with the date, or with the date of the start of the period, mentioned in paragraph (a)(iii). [24/2010; 12/2021]
In subsection (8), “responsible officer” means — (a) for a company, the person for the time being holding the office of chairperson, managing director or company secretary of, or any position analogous to any of those offices in, the company; (b) for a partnership, any partner of the partnership; or (c) for an unincorporated body of persons, the person for the time being holding the office of president, secretary or treasurer of the governing body or a committee (or an equivalent body) of, or any position analogous to any of those offices in, the body of persons, and includes any person carrying out the duties of any such office mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) if that office is vacant. [12/2021]
[10/2017]
(a) in any case where that offence is dealt with under section 133, the owner satisfies the police officer or employee of the Authority mentioned in section 133(7) that the vehicle was at the relevant time a stolen vehicle or a vehicle illegally taken or used; or (b) in any other case, the court is satisfied that the vehicle was at the relevant time a stolen vehicle or a vehicle illegally taken or used. [37/2012; 12/2021]
Nothing in this section shall affect the liability of the actual offender but where a penalty has been imposed on or recovered from a person in relation to a specified offence no further penalty may be imposed on or recovered from any other person in relation thereto. [37/2012]
Despite subsection (1), no owner of a motor vehicle shall by virtue of this section be guilty of a specified offence if — (a) in any case where the offence is dealt with under section 133, the owner — (i) within 14 days after service on the owner of a notice under section 133 alleging that the owner has been guilty of such offence, furnishes by statutory declaration to the police officer or employee of the Authority mentioned in section 133(7) the name and address of the person who was in charge of the vehicle at all relevant times relating to the offence concerned; or (ii) satisfies the police officer or employee of the Authority that the owner did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained that name and address; and (b) in any other case the owner satisfies the court that the owner did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained that name and address. [37/2012; 28/2014; 12/2021]
A statutory declaration made under subsection (3) if produced in any proceedings against the person named therein and in respect of the offence concerned is prima facie evidence that the person was in charge of the vehicle at all relevant times relating to that offence.
A statutory declaration which relates to more than one specified offence is not regarded as a statutory declaration under or for the purposes of subsection (3). [37/2012]
In this section — “owner”, in relation to a motor vehicle, includes — (a) every person who is the owner or joint owner or part owner of the vehicle and any person who has the use of the vehicle under a hire-purchase agreement but not the lessor under that agreement; (b) the person in whose name the vehicle is registered except where the person has sold or otherwise disposed of the vehicle and has complied with the provisions of the rules applicable to the person in regard to the sale or disposal; and (c) in the case of a vehicle in respect of which a general licence is issued under section 28, the person to whom the general licence is issued; “specified offence” means any offence set out in Part 2 of the Third Schedule. [37/2012; 28/2014]
(a) the driver if requested to do so by any person at the scene of the accident having reasonable grounds for so requesting the driver’s particulars, must provide the driver’s particulars to that person; (b) if no person mentioned in paragraph (a) is present at the scene of the accident, the driver must take reasonable steps to inform the owner (if any) of the damaged vehicle or structure of the damage caused to the vehicle or structure, and provide that owner with the driver’s particulars. [28/2014; 19/2019]
The driver of the motor vehicle mentioned in subsection (1) must report the accident at a police station or to a police officer as soon as reasonably practicable within 24 hours after the accident unless either of the following has occurred: (a) the driver has provided the driver’s particulars to a person mentioned in subsection (1)(a); (b) the owner mentioned in subsection (1)(b) has contacted the driver. [28/2014] (2A) Where owing to the presence of a motor vehicle on a road an accident occurs resulting in injury or death to any animal, the driver of the motor vehicle must stop the vehicle if the driver has reasonable grounds to believe that — (a) the animal has an owner; or (b) the presence of the injured or dead animal on the road is likely to pose any safety hazard to the other road users. [19/2019] (2B) The driver mentioned in subsection (2A) who is involved in the accident must — (a) if requested to do so by any person at the scene of the accident having reasonable grounds for so requesting the driver’s particulars, provide the driver’s particulars to that person; (b) if no person mentioned in paragraph (a) is present at the scene of the accident, the driver must take reasonable steps to inform the owner of the injured or dead animal (if any) of the injury or death caused to the animal and provide that owner with the driver’s particulars; and (c) if the presence of the injured or dead animal is likely to pose any safety hazard to other road users, the driver must as far as the circumstances permit, take reasonable steps to alert other road users of the obstruction and immediately inform a police officer of the obstruction. [19/2019]
If in any case owing to the presence of a motor vehicle on a road an accident occurs whereby any person is killed or any damage or injury is caused to any person, vehicle, structure or animal, the driver of the motor vehicle must render any assistance that may be reasonably required by any police officer or in the absence of any police officer any assistance that may reasonably be in the power of the driver to render.
When owing to the presence of a motor vehicle on a road an accident occurs in consequence of which any person is killed or seriously injured or serious damage is caused to any vehicle or structure, a person must not, except under the authority of a police officer, move or otherwise interfere with any vehicle involved in the accident or any part of the vehicle or do any other act so as to destroy or alter any evidence of the accident except that — (a) a vehicle or any part of the vehicle may be moved so far as may be necessary to extricate persons or animals involved, remove mails, prevent fire or prevent damage or obstruction to the public; and (b) goods or passengers baggage may be removed from a vehicle under the supervision of a police officer.
Subsection (4) does not apply where it is urgently necessary to remove any seriously injured person to hospital and no suitable means of conveyance other than a vehicle involved in the accident is at hand.
In this section, “particulars”, in relation to a driver of a motor vehicle, means the name and address of the driver of the motor vehicle, the name and address of the owner of the motor vehicle, and the identification marks of the motor vehicle. [28/2014; 19/2019]
If any person fails to comply with any of the provisions of this section, he or she shall be guilty of an offence.
Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (7) arising from his or her failure to comply with subsection (3) shall, if he or she had in driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle at the time of the accident mentioned in that subsection caused any serious injury or death to another person, be liable on conviction — (a) to a fine not exceeding $3,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; and (b) in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. [10/2017]
Where a person is convicted of an offence under subsection (7) arising from his or her failure to comply with subsection (3), the court convicting him or her shall — (a) if satisfied that he or she had in driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle at the time of the accident mentioned in subsection (3) caused any serious injury or death to another person; and (b) unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order otherwise, make an order disqualifying him or her from holding or obtaining a driving licence — (c) for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of his or her conviction or, where he or she is sentenced to imprisonment, from the date of his or her release from prison; or (d) for any longer period that the court thinks fit.
Where at one trial the driver of a motor vehicle is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for — (a) an offence involving the use of the motor vehicle by him or her whereby any serious injury or death is caused to another person; and (b) an offence under subsection (7) arising from his or her failure to comply with subsection (3), the court before which he or she is convicted is to order that the sentences for those offences run consecutively.
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person who is reasonably suspected of having failed to comply with subsection (3).
The person must attend and must answer truly all questions relating to the occurrence or offence put to the person by the Deputy Commissioner of Police except that the person may decline to answer any question the answer to which would have a tendency to expose the person to a criminal charge or to a penalty or forfeiture.
No such answer may in any case be used in evidence in any proceedings, civil or criminal, except proceedings against the person on a charge of an offence under subsection (5).
The person must, if so required by the Deputy Commissioner of Police, produce his or her driving licence.
Any person who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with any of the requirements of this section shall be guilty of an offence.
Where such a permit is given, it shall not, so long as the conditions (if any) attached to the permit are complied with, be an offence in the case of any such trailer to carry on that road or bridge weights authorised by the permit by reason only that the trailer when conveying them does not comply with those rules.
[10/2017]
[Deleted by Act 38 of 2018]
If any owner required under this section to produce any vehicle or licence fails to do so, the owner shall be guilty of an offence unless the owner proves that owing to a mechanical breakdown or other sufficient reason (the proof whereof lies on the owner), the vehicle or licence cannot be produced as required.
An additional fee may be levied for any further inspection of the vehicle where the vehicle is found, after a previous inspection, not to comply with any prescribed requirement relating to its construction or condition, or to any identification mark or sign carried by or fixed on it or the seal of that mark or sign, or to any marking on it. [4/2006]
Any fee payable under subsection (1) or (2) must be paid by the owner of the vehicle in respect of which it is levied.
This section applies to any vehicles that may be prescribed.
that at the date of the examination those requirements were complied with. [4/2006] (1A) An examination under this section of a motor vehicle for the purposes of the issue of a test certificate in respect of the motor vehicle may include the examiner accepting, in lieu of an examination, any certificate that — (a) is issued by another person or authority as are prescribed; and (b) concerns the prescribed requirements relating to the construction, equipment and condition of the motor vehicle, to the identification marks and signs carried by or fixed on the motor vehicle and the seals of those marks and signs, and to the markings on the motor vehicle. [10/2017]
An examination for the purposes of this section must be carried out by a person authorised by the Registrar (called in this section an authorised examiner).
Where a test certificate is refused, the authorised examiner must specify the grounds of the refusal, and a person aggrieved by the refusal may appeal to the Registrar, and on the appeal the Registrar must cause a further examination to be made and may issue or refuse to issue a test certificate.
The Authority may make rules for the purpose of giving effect to this section and, in particular, as to — (a) the authorisation of an authorised examiner, the conditions to be complied with by an authorised examiner and the withdrawal of the authorisation; (b) the manner in which, the conditions under which and the apparatus with which an examination of a motor vehicle is to be carried out, and the maintenance of that apparatus in an efficient state; (c) the inspection of premises at which and the apparatus with which an examination of a motor vehicle is being, or is to be, carried out; (d) the fee to be paid for the examination of a motor vehicle; (e) the additional fee to be paid for any further examination of a motor vehicle where the vehicle is found, after a previous examination, not to comply with any prescribed requirement mentioned in subsection (1); (f) the manner in which an application may be made for the examination of a motor vehicle; (g) the manner in which and time within which an appeal may be brought under subsection (3); (h) the fee to be paid on an appeal under subsection (3) and the repayment of the fee or part thereof where it appears to the Registrar that there were substantial grounds for the appeal; (i) the form of, and particulars to be contained in, a test certificate; (j) the issue of a copy of a test certificate that is lost or defaced and the fee payable therefor; (k) the keeping by an authorised examiner of a register of test certificates in the prescribed form and containing the prescribed particulars, and the inspection of such register by such person and in such circumstances as may be prescribed; (l) the keeping of records by an authorised examiner and the furnishing of returns and information to the Registrar by the authorised examiner; and (m) the submission to the Authority of documents specified by the Authority in support of any matter examined. [4/2006]
Rules made under this section may make different provisions in respect of different vehicles or classes of vehicles.
conviction to a fine not exceeding $200.
This section applies to such motor vehicles with effect from such dates as may be prescribed.
Any police officer in conducting an investigation into any seizable offence in connection with which a vehicle is suspected to be concerned may enter any place to search for and examine that vehicle.
If any person obstructs any police officer in the exercise of the police officer’s powers and duty under this section, that person shall be guilty of an offence.
(a) examine the vehicle or trailer or the licence relating thereto; or (b) order the owner or driver of the vehicle or trailer to deliver the same for an inspection by such person and at such time and place as the police officer or outsourced enforcement officer (as the case may be) may specify. [10/2017; 38/2018]
Any person who obstructs a police officer or an outsourced enforcement officer (as the case may be) in the exercise of his or her powers under subsection (1)(a) or fails to comply with any order given by the police officer or outsourced enforcement officer (as the case may be) under subsection (1)(b) shall be guilty of an offence. [38/2018]
(a) to allow the motor vehicle or any trailer drawn thereby to be weighed laden or unladen and the weight transmitted to the road by any part of the motor vehicle or trailer laden or unladen in contact with the road to be tested; and (b) for the purpose of paragraph (a) to immediately proceed to a weighbridge or other machine for weighing vehicles. [10/2017]
If any person in charge of a motor vehicle refuses or neglects to comply with any requirement under subsection (1), the person shall be guilty of an offence.
Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules, it is lawful for any police officer so authorised to require the person in charge of the motor vehicle to unload the motor vehicle or trailer for the purpose of being weighed unladen. [10/2017]
Where a motor vehicle or trailer is weighed under this section, a certificate of weight must be given to the person in charge of the motor vehicle by the person who carried out the weighing of the vehicle.
(a) seize the vehicle and take it to a place of safety; or (b) require the owner, driver or person in charge of the vehicle to take the vehicle and any trailer attached thereto to a specified place of safety. [10/2017]
The power conferred on a police officer, the Registrar or an authorised officer under subsection (1)(a) may be exercised whether or not the owner, driver or person in charge of the vehicle is present at the time of its seizure.
Any vehicle which is taken to a place of safety under subsection (1) must be detained there until it is released by order of a Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar.
In this section, “authorised officer” means any employee of the Authority who is authorised in writing by the Registrar to act under this section.
Any person who refuses or neglects to comply with any requirement under subsection (1)(b) shall be guilty of an offence.
Any unauthorised person removing or causing to be removed such vehicle or trailer from the place of safety pending the order of a Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar shall be guilty of an offence.
If the owner of the vehicle or trailer is convicted of or has been permitted to compound an offence under this Act or the rules, the expenses incurred by the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar in removing, seizing, detaining, storing and disposing the vehicle under this section are recoverable by or on behalf of the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar and are, in case of dispute or neglect to pay, to be summarily ascertained by a Magistrate’s Court and may be recovered in the same manner as if they were fines imposed by that Court. [10/2017; 38/2018]
Where any vehicle or trailer is detained under this section, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar must with all reasonable despatch give notice to the owner (if known) of the seizure in a manner allowed under section 131A. [38/2018]
If the vehicle or trailer is not claimed by its owner within one month of the date of its detention, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar thereafter and after giving one month’s notice in the Gazette of his or her intention to do so may sell by public auction or otherwise dispose of the vehicle or trailer.
The proceeds (if any) from the sale or disposal of the vehicle or trailer must be applied in payment of — (a) firstly, any licence fees which may be due in respect of the vehicle and of any charges incurred in removing, seizing, detaining, storing and disposing the vehicle under this section; and (b) secondly, any damage caused to property of the Government by the unlawful use of the vehicle or trailer, and the surplus (if any) must be paid to the owner of the vehicle or trailer, or if not claimed by the owner of the vehicle or trailer within 12 months after the date of the sale or disposal, is forfeited to the Government. [38/2018] (a) immobilise the vehicle or cause the vehicle to be immobilised, if it is stationary; or (b) seize the vehicle and detain it at a place of safety or cause the vehicle to be seized and detained at a place of safety, and the vehicle must remain so immobilised or detained at the risk of the owner thereof until it is released by order of a Magistrate, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar.
The powers conferred by subsection (1) on a police officer may also be exercised by the police officer in respect of any vehicle which is registered in the name of a person against whom a warrant of arrest is in force and which is being used or parked in a public place.
Without affecting subsections (1) and (2) but subject to subsection (4), where a police officer, in attempting to execute a warrant of arrest at any private premises, finds at those private premises any vehicle which is registered in the name of the person against whom the warrant of arrest has been issued, the police officer may — (a) immobilise the vehicle or cause the vehicle to be immobilised, if it is stationary; or (b) seize the vehicle and detain it at a place of safety or cause the vehicle to be seized and detained at a place of safety, and the vehicle must remain so immobilised or detained at the risk of the owner thereof until it is released by order of a Magistrate, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar.
Nothing in subsection (3) authorises a police officer to immobilise or seize and detain any vehicle which the police officer finds at any private premises unless, despite all reasonable effort, the police officer is unable at the private premises to effect the arrest of the person against whom the warrant of arrest has been issued.
For the purposes of subsections (1), (2) and (3) — (a) a police officer or an employee of the Authority may require any person who is driving or who is in charge of the vehicle — (i) to stop the vehicle; (ii) to take the vehicle to any place of safety specified by the police officer or employee of the Authority; or (iii) to render such other cooperation as the police officer or employee of the Authority may reasonably require; and (b) a Magistrate, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar may — (i) refuse to order the release of any vehicle that has been immobilised or seized and detained under either of those subsections until the person in whose name the vehicle is registered has been arrested in connection with the warrant of arrest in force against him or her or has surrendered himself or herself to a police officer or the warrant of arrest in force against him or her has been cancelled by a court; and (ii) require the person to whom the vehicle is released to pay any charges prescribed for the release of the vehicle.
Where a police officer or an employee of the Authority has immobilised or seized and detained a vehicle under this section, he or she must with all reasonable despatch notify the person in whose name the vehicle is registered of the immobilisation or seizure — (a) of the procedure by which the person may secure the release of the vehicle; and (b) that unless within 3 months of the date specified in the notification the person surrenders himself or herself to a police officer in connection with the warrant of arrest in force against him or her, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Authority may proceed to sell or dispose of the vehicle. [24/2010]
The notification under subsection (6) may be given — (a) where the vehicle has been immobilised, by affixing a notice onto the windscreen or any other conspicuous part of the vehicle; or (b) where the vehicle has been seized and detained, in a manner allowed under section 131A. [24/2010; 38/2018]
Any person who — (a) without the authority of a police officer or an employee of the Authority removes or tampers with any notice affixed onto a vehicle under subsection (7)(a); or (b) without the authority of a Magistrate, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar — (i) removes or tampers with any device or appliance which has been fixed to a vehicle by a police officer or an employee of the Authority for the purpose of immobilising it pursuant to this section; or (ii) removes any vehicle from the place at which it has been immobilised or from the place of safety where it is being detained or causes the vehicle to be so removed, shall be guilty of an offence. [45/99]
If upon the expiry of 3 months from the date specified in the notification given under subsection (6) the person in whose name the vehicle is registered has not surrendered himself or herself to a police officer or has not been arrested in connection with the warrant of arrest in force against him or her, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Authority, after giving one month’s notice in the Gazette of the Deputy Commissioner of Police’s or the Authority’s intention to do so, may sell the vehicle by public auction or otherwise dispose of the vehicle in any manner that the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Authority thinks fit. [24/2010]
The proceeds (if any) from the sale or disposal of the vehicle must be applied in payment of — (a) any taxes, fees or charges under this Act or the rules which may be due from the person in whose name the vehicle is registered; and (b) any charges incurred in carrying out the provisions of this section, and the surplus (if any) must be paid to the person in whose name the vehicle is registered, or if not claimed by the person within 12 months after the date of the sale or disposal, is forfeited to the Government. [10/2017]
Any person who obstructs or hinders the Authority or any employee of the Authority, the Deputy Commissioner of Police or any police officer acting in the discharge of his or her duty under this section shall be guilty of an offence.
The Authority or any employee of the Authority, the Deputy Commissioner of Police and any police officer shall not be liable for any damage to or loss of any vehicle or the contents thereof which is not wilfully or negligently caused by them in the exercise of their powers under this section.
In this section — “immobilise”, in relation to a vehicle, means to prevent the removal of the vehicle by fixing to the vehicle a device or appliance which is — (a) designed or adapted for the purpose of preventing the removal of the vehicle; and (b) approved by the Authority or the Deputy Commissioner of Police for use for the purpose of this section; “warrant of arrest” means a warrant of arrest issued by a court against a person in connection with any offence committed by the person under — (a) this Act or the rules; or (b) the Parking Places Act 1974 or any rules made under that Act. [24/2010; 10/2017] section 95 or 95A may be made by the Authority if it is satisfied that — (a) the vehicle is a non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, a non‑compliant personal mobility device or a non‑compliant mobility vehicle; (b) an offence under section 5, 5A, 5B or 10 or any rules made under section 6 has been committed and that the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, non‑compliant personal mobility device or non‑compliant mobility vehicle (as the case may be) was the subject matter, or was used in the commission, of the offence; (ba) at the end of 30 days after the date of the seizure or taking to a place of safety, no claim to the vehicle is earlier made in the prescribed manner to the Authority by a person who is not the person from whom the vehicle was seized or required to take the vehicle to a place of safety (or the latter person’s agent); and (c) a person is convicted of the offence, or a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence has that offence compounded under section 135. [10/2017; 26/2020]
Despite subsection (1), the Authority may at once order the forfeiture of a vehicle seized or taken to a place of safety under section 95 or 95A — (a) that is a non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, non‑compliant personal mobility device or non‑compliant mobility vehicle; and (b) that the Authority considers is of such a nature or in such condition that it would be dangerous for the Authority to retain custody, or its detention in a place of safety materially increases the likelihood of an outbreak of fire at the place of safety. [26/2020]
Upon receipt of a claim mentioned in subsection (1)(ba), the Authority may direct that the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, non‑compliant personal mobility device or non‑compliant mobility vehicle be released or may refer the matter by information to a Magistrate. [10/2017; 26/2020]
The Magistrate is to, on receipt of an information under subsection (3), or on the written application of the Public Prosecutor, hold an inquiry and proceed to determine the matter, and — (a) must order the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, the non‑compliant personal mobility device or the non‑compliant mobility vehicle (as the case may be) to be forfeited on proof that the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, the non‑compliant personal mobility device or the non‑compliant mobility vehicle was used in the commission of an offence under section 5, 5A, 5B or 10 or any rules made under section 6; or (b) may, in the absence of that proof, order the release of the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, the non‑compliant personal mobility device or the non‑compliant mobility vehicle, as the case may be. [10/2017; 26/2020]
In any proceedings under subsection (4), the burden of proof lies on the person asserting that the person is the owner of the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, the non‑compliant personal mobility device or the non‑compliant mobility vehicle concerned, and on the person from whom the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, the non‑compliant personal mobility device or the non‑compliant mobility vehicle was seized, as the case may be. [10/2017; 26/2020]
In any proceedings in any court under subsection (4) in respect of the forfeiture of any vehicle seized in the exercise or the purported exercise of any power conferred under section 95 or 95A, no person is entitled to the costs of the proceedings or to any damages or other relief except an order for the return of the vehicle, unless the seizure was made without reasonable or probable cause. [10/2017]
Where any non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, non‑compliant personal mobility device or non‑compliant mobility vehicle is forfeited by the Authority under this section, the Authority may, after giving one month’s notice in the Gazette of the Authority’s intention to do so — (a) sell by public auction or tender the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, non-compliant personal mobility device or non-compliant mobility vehicle and any uncollected item left in or on it; and a purchaser of any vehicle, article, item or thing sold in accordance with this paragraph acquires good title to that vehicle, article, item or thing; or (b) destroy or otherwise dispose of the non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, non-compliant personal mobility device or non-compliant mobility vehicle, article, item or thing, as the case may be. [10/2017; 26/2020] (7A) However, the Authority may direct that a non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle, non‑compliant personal mobility device or non‑compliant mobility vehicle forfeited by the Authority under subsection (2) and which is the subject of a notice under subsection (7) be returned to a person if — (a) before the end of the period of the notice in subsection (7), the Authority receives from that person a written objection to the intended sale, destruction or disposal of the vehicle and showing good cause why possession of the vehicle should be returned to the person; and (b) there is no reasonable cause for the Authority to believe that an offence under this Act has been committed and the vehicle was the subject matter, or was used in the commission, of the offence. [26/2020]
The proceeds of a sale by public auction or tender of any vehicle, article, item or thing under subsection (7) must be applied as follows: (a) firstly, in payment of the expenses occasioned by the sale; (b) secondly, in payment of storage or other expenses incurred by the Authority in relation to the vehicle, article, item or thing; (c) thirdly, by payment of the balance into the Consolidated Fund. [10/2017]
In this section — “non‑compliant mobility vehicle” has the meaning given by the Active Mobility Act 2017; “non‑compliant personal mobility device” means a personal mobility device the construction, weight or accessories of which do not comply with the requirements as to construction, weight and accessories prescribed under the Active Mobility Act 2017 either for all personal mobility devices generally or for the particular type of that personal mobility device; “non‑compliant power‑assisted bicycle” means a power‑assisted bicycle the construction, weight or accessories of which do not comply with the requirements as to construction, weight and accessories prescribed under section 6 or the rules made under that section either for all power‑assisted bicycles generally or for the particular type of that power‑assisted bicycle. [10/2017; 26/2020]
If an accused satisfies the court that the accused acted in the reasonable belief that the accused had lawful authority or in the reasonable belief that the owner would, in the circumstances of the case, have given the owner’s consent if the owner had been asked therefor, the accused shall not be convicted of the offence under subsection (1).
If on the trial of any person for the theft of a motor vehicle the court is of opinion that the accused was not guilty of theft but was guilty of an offence under this section, the court may convict the accused under this section.
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person reasonably suspected by the police officer of having committed or of attempting to commit an offence under this section.
If, while a motor vehicle is on a road or on a parking place where the public may park motor vehicles, any person otherwise than with lawful authority or with reasonable cause gets on to or moves or tampers with the vehicle, the person shall be guilty of an offence.
If any person loiters in or near a road or parking place where the public may park motor vehicles for the purpose of importuning or importunes any other person in respect of the watching or cleaning of any motor vehicle during the absence of its driver, the person so loitering or importuning shall be guilty of an offence.
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person reasonably suspected by the police officer of having committed or of attempting to commit an offence under this section.
For the purpose of proceedings for an offence in connection with any such vehicle or trailer against any person other than the driver of the vehicle, the person nominated in that behalf by the department in whose service the vehicle or trailer is used is deemed to be the person actually responsible unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the driver only was responsible.
In the case of motor vehicles owned by the Government or by any visiting force lawfully present in Singapore and used for naval, military or air force purposes or in the case of motor vehicles so used while being driven by persons for the time being subject to the orders of any member of the armed forces in Singapore, the Authority may by rules, subject to any conditions that may be specified in the rules, vary in relation to any of those vehicles while being driven as aforesaid the provisions of this Act or any rule, order or notification imposing a speed limit on motor vehicles and the provisions of this Part which respectively — (a) impose restrictions on persons below 21 years of age with respect to the driving of heavy locomotives, light locomotives, motor tractors or heavy motor cars; or (b) regulate the number of trailers which may be drawn by motor vehicles.
PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES
Second Schedule. [10/2017]
The Authority may by order in the Gazette, add to, amend or vary the Second Schedule.
The Authority may, by rules made under section 111, subdivide any class of public service vehicles as set out in the Second Schedule, and any reference in this Act or the rules to a class of public service vehicles includes a reference to any subdivision of such class. [10/2017]
Despite the classification and descriptions of public service vehicles in the Second Schedule, the Authority may permit any class of public service vehicles to be used for any prescribed purpose.
attached thereto. [20/2019] (1A) For the purposes of subsection (1), use of a motor vehicle as a private hire car includes a motor car that — (a) is in use in connection with a hiring to provide an on‑demand passenger transport service; or (b) is immediately available to a provider of a ride‑hail service to take or facilitate the taking of bookings for an on‑demand passenger transport service provided using that vehicle (whether immediately or at a later time). [10/2017; 20/2019]
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $3,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
A person shall not be convicted of an offence under this section if the person proves to the satisfaction of the court that the person used the motor vehicle, the subject of the charge, as a public service vehicle in an emergency for the purpose of conveying a sick or injured person to hospital or to bring medical aid to that person or for the purpose of making a report to a police station and that the person had made all reasonable efforts to hire a public service vehicle for the purpose of the journey.
A public service vehicle licence is in addition to any other licence issued under this Act and the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019. [20/2019]
Any motor vehicle in respect of which there has been, or there is reasonable cause to suspect that there has been, committed any offence under this section may be seized by any police officer or the Registrar or any officer authorised in writing in that behalf by the Registrar.
When any motor vehicle has been seized under subsection (5), a police officer or the Registrar or an officer authorised in writing in that behalf by the Registrar — (a) may temporarily return the motor vehicle to its owner on security being furnished to the satisfaction of the police officer, the Registrar or officer so authorised (as the case may be) that the motor vehicle will be surrendered to him or her on demand; or (b) must, upon the direction of the Public Prosecutor, and after making any investigations that are necessary for the purposes of this Act, return the motor vehicle to its owner.
Where it is proved to the satisfaction of a court before which the prosecution has been held that a motor vehicle seized under subsection (5) has been used in the commission of an offence under this section, the court, on the written application of the Public Prosecutor, is to make an order for the forfeiture of the motor vehicle, even though no person may have been convicted of an offence.
If there be no prosecution with regard to any motor vehicle seized under subsection (5), that vehicle must be released at the end of one month from the date of seizure unless it has sooner been released.
A police officer may arrest without warrant any person who has committed or whom the police officer reasonably suspects to have committed an offence under this section.
For the purposes of this section, a proscribed vehicle means a vehicle of the construction, type or description or a class of vehicles declared by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, to be proscribed and not likewise declared, by subsequent order in the Gazette, to be not proscribed. [20/2019]
An order made under subsection (10) by the Minister may contain any saving, transitional, and other consequential, incidental and supplemental provisions that the Minister considers necessary or expedient for the purposes of this Part. [20/2019]
A person commits an offence if a person uses or causes or permits a proscribed vehicle to be used as a public service vehicle. [20/2019]
A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (12) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $3,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [20/2019]
The Registrar must not issue a public service vehicle licence to any person who is a minor or in respect of any vehicle which does not comply with such conditions as to construction, fitness and equipment or otherwise as may be prescribed. [37/2012]
Before modifying any conditions of a public service vehicle licence under subsection (1), the Authority must give notice to the holder of the licence — (a) stating that the Authority proposes to make the modification in the manner specified in the notice; and (b) specifying the time (not being less than 28 days after the date of service of the notice on the holder of a licence) within which written representations with respect to the proposed modification may be made. [37/2012]
Upon receipt of any written representation within the time specified under subsection (2)(b), the Authority must consider the representation and may — (a) reject the representation; (b) amend the proposed modification in any manner that it thinks fit having regard to the representation; or (c) withdraw the proposed modification. [37/2012]
Subject to subsection (6), if the Authority rejects any written representation under subsection (3)(a) or amends any proposed modification to the conditions of a public service vehicle licence under subsection (3)(b), the Authority must issue a notice to the holder of the licence stating that the modification as specified in the notice under this subsection takes effect on a date specified in that notice by the Authority. [37/2012]
Subject to subsection (6), if no written representation is received by the Authority within the time specified under subsection (2)(b) or if any written representation made under subsection (2)(b) is subsequently withdrawn before any decision is made under subsection (3), the Authority must issue a notice to the holder of the licence stating that the modification as specified in the notice under this subsection takes effect on a date specified in that notice by the Authority. [37/2012]
Any decision to modify the conditions of a public service vehicle licence does not take effect — (a) during the period for appeals mentioned in section 102B(1); and (b) where the holder of the licence has appealed against the modification, until the determination of the appeal. [37/2012] notice mentioned in section 102A(4), appeal to the Minister. [37/2012]
The Minister may determine an appeal under this section by confirming, varying or reversing any decision of the Authority or amending any licence condition affecting the licensee. [37/2012]
The decision of the Minister in any appeal is final. [37/2012]
section 102(1) during that period, and the Registrar must comply with that determination. [23/2013]
The maximum number of new public service vehicle licences may be fixed by the Authority in one or more of the following terms: (a) for public service vehicles of any class; (b) for a particular person or class of persons; (c) for any period not exceeding one year. [23/2013]
In determining under subsection (1) the maximum number of new taxi licences which may be issued to a street‑hail service licensee during any period that may be determined by the Authority, the Authority may take into consideration all relevant matters, including the contravention before that period by the street‑hail service licensee of any service standard condition applicable to that licensee. [23/2013; 20/2019]
Before taking into consideration any matter mentioned in subsection (3), the Authority must give the street‑hail service licensee concerned written notice of its intention to do so and a reasonable opportunity to submit reasons, within the period specified in that notice, as to why the matter should not be taken into consideration. [23/2013; 20/2019]
The Authority must, as soon as practicable after making a determination under subsection (1), provide a copy of the determination to the Registrar and — (a) in the case where the determination applies to a particular person or class of persons, provide a copy of the determination to that person or everyone in that class of persons; or (b) in any other case, publish in the Gazette, or in one or more local daily newspapers as the Authority considers appropriate, a notice of the making of the determination. [23/2013]
In this section — “new”, in relation to a public service vehicle licence, does not include the renewal of an existing public service vehicle licence; “service standard condition” means a code of practice about performance standards relating to the provision of street‑hail services and the quality of other aspects of the provision of a street‑hail service under the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; “taxi licence” means a public service vehicle licence which authorises a motor vehicle to be used as a taxi. [23/2013; 20/2019]
service vehicle licence in such manner and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed.
No such transfer may take place without the written permission of the Registrar.
service vehicle as may be prescribed. [10/2017]
On the expiry, suspension or revocation of any public service vehicle licence, the licence together with all plates or other markings issued in connection therewith must be returned to the Registrar within 10 days after the expiry, suspension or revocation.
Any person who omits to return any such licence, plate or other marking shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $500.
Any person displaying any plate or marking mentioned in subsection (1), or any plate or marking falsely purporting to have been issued under this Part, on any vehicle in respect of which the appropriate public service vehicle licence is not in force shall be guilty of an offence.
Except as otherwise provided, the prescription of any rates of hire or fares does not prevent an owner, driver or conductor from entering into a contract to receive a lower rate of hire or fare than that prescribed.
If any dispute arises as to a rate or fare calculated according to distance, the dispute may be referred to the Registrar or to the officer in charge of any police station whose decision is final, and any certificate issued by the Registrar or the police officer with regard thereto is admissible in evidence.
The owner, driver or conductor of a public service vehicle who demands or takes or attempts to take any money in excess of those rates or fares shall be guilty of an offence.
Any person who refuses to pay the owner, driver or conductor (as the case may be) the prescribed rate of hire or the prescribed fare when lawfully demanded shall be guilty of an offence.
This section does not apply to omnibuses, taxis and private hire cars to the extent that fares for the provision of bus services and ride‑hail services and street‑hail services using those vehicles are regulated by or under the Public Transport Council Act 1987. [20/2019]
prosecuted for the offence either in addition to or instead of the driver or conductor, as the case may be. [10/2017]
When the driver or conductor of any public service vehicle is reasonably believed to be guilty of an offence under this Act or the rules, the owner of the vehicle and any other person who was or should have been in charge of the vehicle at or about the relevant time must give to the Registrar or to any police officer any information that the Registrar or the police officer may require of the owner or other person concerning the identity and address of the person believed to be guilty of the offence. [10/2017]
If any person fails to do so within 7 days of the date on which the information was required of that person under subsection (2), unless the person shows to the satisfaction of the court that the person did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained the information required, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $100.
Despite anything in any other written law, any information given under subsection (2) by any person charged with any offence under this Act or the rules may be used as evidence at the hearing of the charge. [10/2017]
(a) owing to any defects in the vehicle in respect of which the licence is issued, the vehicle is or is likely to become unfit for service; (aa) the vehicle in respect of which the licence is issued is proscribed under section 101(10); (b) having regard to the conduct of the holder of the licence or to the manner in which the vehicle is being used, it appears to the Registrar that the licence should be suspended or revoked; (c) in the case of a public service vehicle licence issued in respect of a taxi, the holder of the licence — (i) has attained 63 years of age; (ii) holds more than one public service vehicle licence issued in respect of a taxi; or (iii) has ceased to carry on his or her vocation as a taxi‑driver; or (d) the licensee has contravened any of the provisions of this Act or the rules. [10/2017; 20/2019]
private property.
(a) drive or act as a conductor of a public service vehicle on a road unless he or she holds a vocational licence granted by the Registrar under this Part for those purposes; or (b) employ or permit any person who is not so licensed to drive or act as a conductor of a public service vehicle. [37/2012]
The Registrar may, on application made to him or her in the prescribed manner and on payment of the prescribed fee and subject to any rules that may be prescribed, grant vocational licences. (2A) The Registrar must not grant a vocational licence unless he or she is satisfied that the applicant for the licence is of the minimum age as prescribed for that class of public service vehicle and fulfils any other conditions that may be prescribed.
A vocational licence to drive a public service vehicle may limit the authorisation of the holder of the licence to driving, or acting as a conductor of, only one or more classes of public service vehicles specified in the licence. [10/2017]
The Registrar may suspend or revoke, in whole or in part, a vocational licence on the ground that the holder of the licence — (a) is contravening or not complying with, or has contravened or failed to comply with, any of the conditions of the licence, or any provision of this Act or rules under this Part applicable to the holder of the licence as such; or (b) is not a fit or proper person to hold the licence because of his or her conduct, after taking into consideration the total number of demerit points accumulated by the holder of the licence under those rules in respect of the licence or another licence, or his or her physical condition. [10/2017]
Where the Registrar refuses to grant or suspends or revokes a vocational licence, the applicant or licence holder (as the case may be) may appeal to the Minister, and on such appeal, the Minister, after such inquiry, if any, as the Minister may consider necessary, may make such order as the Minister thinks fit, and any order so made is binding on the Registrar and on the appellant. operator. [10/2017; 20/2019]
A general suspension order may be made where the Registrar is satisfied that — (a) one of the participating bookable drivers of a designated exempt ride‑hail service operator has been convicted of a relevant offence in the course of being a participating bookable driver of the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator; and (b) within a period of 12 months before the commission of the relevant offence in paragraph (a), 2 or more other participating bookable drivers of the same designated exempt ride‑hail service operator have also been convicted of a relevant offence each in the course of being a participating bookable driver of that designated exempt ride‑hail service operator, regardless of any general suspension order earlier served in respect of that same designated exempt ride‑hail service operator or that a blackout period for any earlier general suspension order is current. [10/2017; 20/2019]
A general suspension order relating to a designated exempt ride‑hail service operator must be given to — (a) the class comprising every participating bookable driver of the same designated exempt ride‑hail service operator concerned; and (b) the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator. [10/2017; 20/2019]
A general suspension order may be made under subsection (1) only after giving the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator concerned a reasonable opportunity to be heard. [10/2017; 20/2019]
In determining whether a driver has been convicted of a relevant offence, the Registrar may reckon any offer of composition under section 135 for a relevant offence that is accepted by the driver in relation to that offence as if that driver had been convicted of that relevant offence. [10/2017]
However, where a driver has been convicted of a relevant offence, and it is open to the driver to appeal against the conviction (either with the permission of the court or without such permission), the Registrar, in determining whether a driver has been convicted of a relevant offence, must disregard the conviction until — (a) no further appeal is open to the driver; or (b) by reason of the end of any period for entering an appeal or a notice of appeal, or the refusal of permission to appeal or for any other reason, it ceases to be open for the driver to appeal. [10/2017] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]
A general suspension order that is addressed to a class of persons is sufficiently served if it is published both — (a) in a daily newspaper circulating in Singapore or in any other news media that, in the opinion of the Authority, will be most likely to bring the direction to the attention of the persons who belong to the class; and (b) on the Authority’s official website. [10/2017]
A general suspension order that is served in accordance with subsection (7) takes effect at the beginning of the day after the date on which both paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (7) have been complied with. [10/2017]
A participating bookable driver of a designated exempt ride‑hail service operator who — (a) is in the class of participating bookable drivers served with a general suspension order (in accordance with subsection (7)) directing him or her to stop providing any on‑demand passenger transport service the booking of which is taken or facilitated by that designated exempt ride‑hail service operator; and (b) provides any on‑demand passenger transport service the booking of which is taken or facilitated by that designated exempt ride‑hail service operator during the blackout period for that general suspension order, shall be guilty of an offence. [20/2019]
It is not a defence in any proceeding for an offence under subsection (9) that the accused holds a vocational licence granted under section 110 authorising him or her to drive a public service vehicle. [10/2017; 20/2019] “blackout period”, for a general suspension order, means a period after the general suspension order takes effect, of a duration that is fixed and specified by the Registrar in the order, being a period not exceeding one month; “bookable vehicle” has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; “designated exempt ride‑hail service operator” means a person who is an exempt ride‑hail service operator and is prescribed by rules under section 111 to be designated by the Authority for the purposes of this definition; “participating bookable driver”, for a designated exempt ride- hail service operator, means a driver who has a participating driver agreement with the operator, and it is immaterial whether — (a) the driver is an employee or agent of the designated exempt ride-hail service operator; or (b) where the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator is a platform operator, the driver is a platform worker of the operator; [Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/01/2025] “participating driver agreement”, in relation to a designated exempt ride‑hail service operator providing a ride-hail service, means an agreement or arrangement between the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator and a driver of a bookable vehicle under which — (a) the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator agrees to — (i) take or facilitate any booking by or on behalf of a passenger for bookable vehicles to be made available in providing on‑demand passenger transport services (whether immediately or at a later time) to the passenger; and (ii) communicate the booking to participating bookable drivers; and (b) the driver agrees to carry out the on‑demand passenger transport service in the booking by transporting the passenger for hire or reward, using a bookable vehicle, and it does not matter — (c) whether or not — (i) the driver is an employee or agent of the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator; or (ii) where the designated exempt ride‑hail service operator is a platform operator, the driver is a platform worker of that operator; or (d) whether the vehicle is hired from that operator; [Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/01/2025] “platform operator” has the meaning given by section 4 of the Platform Workers Act 2024; [Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/01/2025] “platform worker” has the meaning given by section 5(1) of the Platform Workers Act 2024; [Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/01/2025] “relevant offence” means any of the following offences committed on or after 1 July 2017: (a) an offence under section 101(2) involving any private hire car; (b) an offence under section 131 for contravening section 110(1)(a) involving any private hire car; (c) an offence under section 3 of the Motor Vehicles (Third‑Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960 involving any private hire car. [10/2017; 20/2019]
[10/2017]
Any rules made under subsection (1) may provide that any contravention of any provision of the rules shall be an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $10,000. [20/2019]
PROVISIONS AS TO USE OF HIGHWAYS
The highway code and any revision thereof must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.
Subject to subsections (1) and (2), the Minister may cause the code and every revised edition of the code to be printed and issued to the public either without charge or at the price he or she thinks fit.
The Minister may take any other steps that he or she thinks fit for securing that the provisions of the code are brought to the notice of the public.
A failure on the part of any person to observe any provision of the highway code shall not of itself render that person liable to criminal proceedings of any kind, but the failure may, in any proceedings whether civil or criminal and including proceedings for an offence under this Act, be relied upon by any party to the proceedings as tending to establish or to negative any liability which is in question in those proceedings.
(a) the vehicles cannot be used or cannot without restriction be used on that road without endangering the safety of the vehicles or the persons therein or of other persons using the road; or (b) the road is unsuitable for use or for unrestricted use by the vehicles.
The Deputy Commissioner of Police, with the concurrence of the Minister, may make an order under this section, not inconsistent with the rules, for any of the following purposes: (a) the specification of the routes to be followed by vehicles; (b) the prohibition or restriction of the use of specified roads by vehicles of any specified class or description either generally or during particular hours; (c) the prohibition of the driving of vehicles on any specified road otherwise than in a specified direction; (d) otherwise in relation to the regulation of traffic; (e) the prohibition or regulation of the use of any road or any part thereof for the display, hire or sale of any vehicle or animal.
No order may be made under subsection (2) with respect to any road which would have the effect of preventing such access as may reasonably be required for vehicles of any class or description to any premises situated on or adjacent to the road.
An order made under this section and expressed to be a temporary order remains in force for any period not exceeding 3 months that may be specified therein.
An order not expressed to be temporary must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette and may be annulled or amended by a resolution of Parliament.
Any person who uses a vehicle or causes or permits a vehicle to be used in contravention of an order made under this section shall be guilty of an offence.
Rules made under this section may make provision with respect to special roads generally, or may make different provision with respect to special roads provided for the use of different classes of traffic, or may make provision with respect to any particular special road.
Rules made under this section may, in particular — (a) regulate the manner in which and the conditions subject to which special roads may be used by traffic of any class; (b) authorise, or enable the Deputy Commissioner of Police to authorise, the use of special roads, on any occasion or in an emergency or for the purpose of crossing, or for the purpose of securing access to premises abutting on or adjacent to the special roads by any traffic; and (c) relax, or enable the Deputy Commissioner of Police to relax, any prohibition or restriction imposed by the rules.
In this section — “special road” means any road specified in the rules made under this section to be a special road, and includes any part of a special road; “traffic” includes pedestrians; “use”, in relation to a road, includes crossing. [24/2010]
Rules made under subsection (1) may — (a) require the owner or driver of any excluded vehicle to — (i) obtain a permit from the Authority before using the excluded vehicle on an expressway; (ii) comply with any conditions that may be imposed by the Authority when granting the permit; and (iii) comply with any directions that the Authority or an employee of the Authority may give regarding the use of the excluded vehicle on an expressway, or the inspection of the permit granted to the owner or driver; (b) authorise, or empower the Authority or an employee of the Authority to authorise, the use of an excluded vehicle on any expressway on any occasion or in an emergency or for the purpose of crossing, or for the purpose of securing access by that excluded vehicle to any premises abutting on or adjacent to the expressway; (c) relax, or empower the Authority or an employee of the Authority to relax, in a particular case any prohibition or restriction imposed by those rules; and (d) prescribe the form and manner in which an application for a permit mentioned in paragraph (a) is to be made. [24/2010]
In this section — “excluded vehicle” means a vehicle which is prescribed by rules made under subsection (1) to be an excluded vehicle for the purpose of this section; “expressway” means any road that is prescribed by rules made under subsection (1) to be an expressway for the purpose of this section; “use”, in relation to an expressway, includes crossing. [24/2010]
consider necessary. [24/2010]
The Authority must cause a notice to be issued to the general public or to any persons determined by the Authority, informing them of the prohibition or restriction and of the alternative route or routes (if any) available for traffic. [24/2010]
A notice under subsection (2) must be issued in such form and manner and for such period as the Authority thinks fit. [24/2010]
So long as any restriction or prohibition made under this section is in force, a notice stating the effect thereof and describing any alternative route or routes available for traffic must be kept posted in a conspicuous manner at each end of the part of the road to which the restriction or prohibition relates and at the points at which it will be necessary for vehicles to diverge from the road.
The Authority may at any time by notice restrict or prohibit temporarily the use of any road or part thereof by vehicles or by vehicles of any particular class or description where, owing to the likelihood of danger to the public or of serious damage to the road or part thereof, it appears to the Authority to be necessary that the restriction or prohibition should come into force without delay. [24/2010]
The notice must describe the alternative route or routes (if any) available for traffic and must be issued in such form and manner and for such period as the Authority thinks fit. [24/2010]
Where the Authority has issued a notice under subsection (6), the Authority may, before the end of the period referred to in that subsection, proceed to make a restriction or prohibition under subsection (1) with respect to the same road or part thereof. [24/2010] (7A) For the purposes of subsection (1), any person who intends to carry out any construction works or works of repair on, over or under the road must give notice to the Authority in the prescribed form and manner, and within the prescribed time before the start of the works, failing which the person shall be guilty of an offence. [24/2010]
Any person who uses or causes or permits the use of a vehicle in contravention of any restriction or prohibition imposed under this section shall be guilty of an offence.
The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules for carrying out or giving effect to this section, and in particular, for prescribing — (a) the form and manner in which, and the period within which, a notice mentioned in subsection (7A) is to be given to the Authority; (b) the documents, information and indemnity to be given to the Authority together with the notice referred to in subsection (7A); (c) the duties of — (i) the person carrying out any construction works or works of repair on, over or under any road or part thereof; or (ii) the person for whom the works are being carried out, in relation to the restriction or prohibition of the use of that road or part thereof by vehicles or by vehicles of any particular class or description; and (d) the penalties (not exceeding those provided by section 131) for any breach or failure to comply with the rules. [24/2010]
Where any construction works or works of repair are being carried out on, over or under any road or part thereof, an employee of the Authority, may at any time without notice, enter upon the site of the works to — (a) inspect the measures that have been put in place for the regulation or diversion of traffic in connection with the restriction or prohibition of the use of that road or part thereof arising from such works, in order to ensure that the measures are suitable and adequate; and (b) give any directions that the employee of the Authority thinks necessary to the person carrying out the works or for whom the works are being carried out in relation to the restriction or prohibition of the use of that road or part thereof by vehicles or by vehicles of any particular class or description. [24/2010]
A person shall be guilty of an offence if the person — (a) refuses to give access to or obstructs or hinders an employee of the Authority who is carrying out any inspection under subsection (10)(a); or (b) fails to comply with any direction given to the person by an employee of the Authority under subsection (10)(b). [24/2010]
of Police. [24/2010]
An application for a permit mentioned in subsection (1) must — (a) be made to the Deputy Commissioner of Police in such form or manner, and not less than such period before the date of the competition or trial of speed, as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require; and (b) be accompanied by such fee (if any) as the Minister may prescribe. [24/2010]
Upon receiving an application under subsection (2), the Deputy Commissioner of Police may — (a) grant the permit applied for — (i) in such form and manner as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may determine; and (ii) subject to any conditions that the Deputy Commissioner of Police thinks fit to impose; or (b) refuse to grant the permit. [24/2010]
[Deleted by Act 24 of 2010]
[Deleted by Act 24 of 2010]
[Deleted by Act 24 of 2010]
Any person who promotes or takes part in any competition or trial of speed that is in contravention of subsection (1) and any driver or person in charge of any vehicle used in or taking part in any such competition or trial of speed shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months and shall also be punished with a fine not exceeding $5,000 and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years and with a fine not exceeding $10,000. [24/2010; 12/2021]
Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person committing an offence under subsection (7) and may seize and detain for the purposes of proceedings under this Act any vehicle used in or taking part in any competition or trial of speed that is in contravention of subsection (1). [24/2010]
A person convicted of an offence under subsection (7) shall, unless the court for any special reason thinks fit to order otherwise and without prejudice to the power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification, be disqualified for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of the conviction from holding or obtaining a driving licence.
An order for the forfeiture or for the release of a vehicle liable to forfeiture under this section may be made by the court before which the prosecution with regard to an offence under section 116(7) has been or will be held.
If there be no prosecution with regard to an offence under section 116(7), the vehicle seized under section 116(8) must be forfeited at the expiry of one month from the date of the seizure unless a claim thereto is made before that date. Any person asserting that the person is the owner of the vehicle may personally, or by the person’s agent authorised in writing, give written notice to the Commissioner of Police that the person claims the vehicle.
Upon receipt of a notice under subsection (3), the Commissioner of Police may direct that the vehicle be released or may refer the matter by information to a Magistrate.
The Magistrate, on receipt of an information under subsection (4), or on the written application of the Public Prosecutor, is to hold an inquiry and proceed to determine the matter and is to, on proof that the vehicle was used in the commission of an offence under section 116(7), order the vehicle to be forfeited, or may in the absence of such proof order its release.
No person is, in any proceedings in any court in respect of the seizure of any vehicle seized in exercise or the purported exercise of any power conferred under this section, entitled to the costs of the proceedings or to any damages or other relief, other than an order for the return of the vehicle, unless the seizure was made without reasonable or probable cause.
Despite subsections (1) and (3), a court need not make an order for the forfeiture of a vehicle that has been seized by the police if it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that the person who committed the offence under section 116(7) involving the vehicle — (a) is not the owner of the vehicle; and (b) had used the vehicle without the consent of the owner. [12/2021]
(a) by any vehicle of which the weight exceeds a maximum weight specified in the notice; or (b) by any vehicle of which — (i) the weight exceeds a maximum weight so specified; or (ii) any axle weight exceeds a maximum axle weight so specified.
The notice may as regards both weight of vehicle and axle weight specify different maximum weights in relation to a vehicle travelling at a speed less than a speed specified in the notice and in relation to a vehicle travelling at that speed or any greater speed.
In this section — (a) “placed in a proper position” means placed in such a position either on or near the bridge or on or near the road leading to the bridge as to be visible at a reasonable distance from the bridge to the drivers of vehicles approaching it; (b) “weight” means the actual weight of the vehicle at the time including the weight of every person and thing carried by it; and (c) the weight transmitted by a vehicle to any transverse strip of the road surface 152.4 centimetres in breadth is taken as being an “axle weight” of that vehicle and for the purposes of this paragraph a vehicle and any trailer drawn thereby is deemed to be a single vehicle.
The fact that a prohibition mentioned in subsection (1) has been made by the Authority and has been notified in the manner prescribed in that subsection must be published in the Gazette.
Any omission to so publish the prohibition and notification does not affect the validity of the prohibition or notification.
If without the consent of the Authority, a vehicle is driven across a bridge in contravention of this section, any person who so drives it or causes or permits it to be so driven shall, without prejudice to any civil liability incurred by the person in the case of damage being caused to the bridge or otherwise, be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $400 and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $1,000.
If, in any proceedings under this section, the prosecutor satisfies the court that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the weight of the vehicle exceeded the maximum weight specified in the notice or that any axle weight of the vehicle exceeded the maximum axle weight so specified, the burden lies on the defendant to prove that the weight of the vehicle or every axle weight of the vehicle (as the case may be) did not exceed the maximum weight or maximum axle weight.
Traffic signs must be of the prescribed size, colour and type except where the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, authorises the placing or retention of a sign of another character.
No traffic signs may be drawn or placed on or near any road except under and in accordance with subsections (1) and (2).
The Authority must, by written notice, require the owner or occupier of any land on which there is any traffic sign or any object which so closely resembles a traffic sign that it might reasonably be taken to be such a sign to remove it and if any person fails to comply with the notice, the Authority may cause the removal to be effected with as little damage as may be and the expense incurred in doing so may be recovered as a civil debt from the person so in default.
Subsection (4) does not apply in the case of any sign or object which complies with subsection (2) and the retention of which is expressly authorised by the Authority.
The Authority may authorise the entry upon any land and the exercise of any other powers that may be necessary for the purpose of the exercise and performance of its powers and duties under this section.
In this Part, “traffic sign” includes all signals, warning sign posts, direction posts, signs, lines or other devices for the guidance or direction of persons using roads, but does not include warning signs or other devices temporarily set up by any Government department to indicate that road work is in progress.
Any person wilfully and unlawfully damaging, moving, defacing, altering or otherwise interfering with, any traffic sign shall be guilty of an offence, and any police officer or the Registrar or any officer authorised in writing in that behalf by the Registrar on production of his or her authority may without warrant arrest any person found committing the offence.
The Authority, with the approval of the Minister, may make rules to prescribe the size, colour and type of traffic signs to be drawn or placed on or near roads.
the regulation of traffic on a road — (a) any person driving or propelling any vehicle must stop the vehicle or make it proceed in or keep to a particular line of traffic when directed to do so by the police officer, employee of the Authority or security officer (as the case may be) in the execution of his or her duty; and (b) any pedestrian must comply with any direction given by the police officer, employee of the Authority or security officer (as the case may be) in the execution of his or her duty, either to pedestrians or to pedestrians and other traffic. [24/2010]
Where a police officer or a security officer, who is in uniform, is for the time being engaged in the regulation of traffic on a road at any place where there are traffic light signals regulating the movement of traffic, any person driving a vehicle must comply with the directions given by the police officer or security officer even though the traffic light signals indicate otherwise. [24/2010]
Where any traffic sign, being a sign for regulating the movement of traffic or indicating the route to be followed by traffic, has been lawfully placed on or near any road pursuant to section 119, any person driving or propelling any vehicle must comply with the indication given by the sign. [24/2010]
Any person who fails to comply with subsection (1), (2) or (3) shall be guilty of an offence. [24/2010]
In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (3), insofar as it is necessary to establish the offence charged, it is presumed until the contrary is proved that the sign was of the prescribed size, colour and type and that it was lawfully placed under section 119. [24/2010]
under roads, or on bridges constructed over roads, in accordance with this section.
The Minister may make rules with respect to the precedence of vehicles and pedestrians respectively and generally with respect to the movement of traffic (including pedestrians) at and in the vicinity of crossings.
Without limiting subsection (2), rules made thereunder may be made prohibiting pedestrian traffic on the carriageway within 100 metres of a crossing, and with respect to the indication of the limits of a crossing, or of any other matter whatsoever relating to the crossing, by marks or devices on or near the roadway or otherwise, and generally with respect to the erection of traffic signs in connection with a crossing.
Different rules may be made under this section in relation to different conditions and, in particular, different rules may be made in relation to crossings in the vicinity of, and at a distance from, a junction of roads, and to traffic which is controlled by the police, and by traffic signals, and by different kinds of traffic signals, and which is not controlled.
Rules may be made under this section applying only to a particular crossing or particular crossings specified in the rules.
Any person who contravenes any of the rules made under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — (a) if the offence was committed by the person in his or her capacity as the driver of a vehicle, to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months; and (b) in any other case, to a fine not exceeding $100.
subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [10/2017]
(a) is parked or permitted to stand on any road in contravention of any provision of this Act or the rules or in such a manner as to constitute a danger or unreasonable obstruction to traffic or persons using the road; or (b) appears to have been abandoned on a road, an enforcement officer who is in uniform may — (c) require the owner, driver or other person in control or in charge of the vehicle to remove the vehicle; (d) remove the vehicle (including any trailer drawn or any load carried thereby) to any place that the enforcement officer thinks fit and detain it at that place; or (e) immobilise the vehicle. [24/2010; 10/2017]
Where an enforcement officer has removed and detained, or has immobilised, any vehicle under subsection (1), the enforcement officer must, with all reasonable despatch, notify the owner of the vehicle (if known) as to the procedure by which the owner may secure the release of the vehicle. [24/2010; 38/2018]
The notification under subsection (2) may be given — (a) where the vehicle has been removed and detained, in any manner the enforcement officer thinks expedient; or (b) where the vehicle has been immobilised, by affixing a notice onto the windscreen or any other conspicuous part of the vehicle. [24/2010; 38/2018]
No vehicle which has been removed and detained, or immobilised, under this section may be released to the owner of the vehicle except — (a) by or under the direction of a Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar; and (b) upon the owner of the vehicle having paid the costs of the removal and detention, or the immobilisation, of the vehicle, and any other charges that may be prescribed, and the vehicle remains at the risk of the owner of the vehicle until all the costs and charges have been paid. [24/2010]
A person shall be guilty of an offence if the person — (a) without reasonable excuse, fails to remove the person’s vehicle when required to do so by an enforcement officer under subsection (1)(c); or (b) without being authorised to do so by a Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar, removes, attempts to remove or tampers with — (i) any notice that has been affixed to a vehicle under subsection (3)(b); (ii) any vehicle from the place at which it is being detained under this section; or (iii) the immobilisation device that has been fixed to a vehicle under this section. [24/2010]
Where the owner or driver of a vehicle which has been immobilised under this section does not appear to secure the release of the vehicle within the time stipulated in the notice mentioned in subsection (3)(b), an enforcement officer may remove the vehicle (including any trailer drawn or any load carried thereby) to any place that he or she thinks fit and detain it at that place, and must give notice to the owner of the vehicle (if known) in accordance with subsection (3)(a) as to the procedure by which the owner may secure the release of the vehicle. [24/2010; 38/2018]
Where any vehicle which has been removed and detained, or immobilised, under this section is not claimed by its owner within 3 months from the date on which it was so removed and detained or immobilised (as the case may be), the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar may, after giving due notice in the Gazette and after giving at least one month’s written notice to the owner (if the name and address of the owner are known to the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Registrar), sell the vehicle by public auction or otherwise dispose of the vehicle. [24/2010]
The proceeds from the sale or disposal of the vehicle must be applied in the payment of the costs incurred in carrying out the provisions of this section and any other charges that may be prescribed, and the surplus (if any) must be paid to the owner of the vehicle or, if not claimed by the owner within 12 months, is forfeited to the Government. [24/2010]
The enforcement officer who removes and detains, or who immobilises, a vehicle under this section, the Deputy Commissioner of Police, the Registrar, the Authority or any person who assists the enforcement officer to remove and detain, or to immobilise, the vehicle shall not be liable for any damage to or loss of the vehicle or the contents thereof not caused wilfully or negligently by the enforcement officer, the Deputy Commissioner of Police, the Registrar, the Authority or the person assisting the enforcement officer in the exercise of the powers under this section. [24/2010]
In this section — “enforcement officer” means a police officer or an employee of the Authority; “immobilise”, in relation to a vehicle, means to prevent the removal of the vehicle by fixing to the vehicle a device or appliance which is designed or adapted for the purpose of preventing the removal of the vehicle. [24/2010] Authority or an agent authorised by the Authority may remove any stationary vehicle from an expressway. [28/2001] (1A) Any person who refuses to allow the employee or agent to exercise his or her power under subsection (1) or who obstructs the exercise of the power by the employee or agent shall be guilty of an offence. [4/2006]
An employee or authorised agent of the Authority who has removed any vehicle from an expressway under subsection (1) must take the vehicle to a parking place that is near to that part of the expressway from which the vehicle was removed.
A vehicle which has been removed from an expressway and taken to a parking place under this section must remain at the parking place at the risk of the owner of the vehicle, and the owner is responsible for any parking charges incurred in respect of that vehicle while it remains at that parking place.
An employee or authorised agent of the Authority who has removed a vehicle from an expressway and taken it to a parking place under this section must with all reasonable despatch give to the owner of the vehicle (if the owner’s name and address are known) written notice of the removal and the location of the parking place to which the vehicle has been taken, and must in the notice inform the owner of the procedure by which the owner may claim the vehicle.
Any person who without the authority of an employee of the Authority removes any vehicle from a parking place to which it has been taken under subsection (2) or otherwise tampers with the vehicle shall be guilty of an offence.
Where a vehicle has been removed from an expressway and taken to a parking place under this section, neither the Authority nor any of its employees or authorised agents who effected the removal shall be liable for any damage to or loss of the vehicle or the contents thereof not caused wilfully or negligently by the Authority or by any of its employees or authorised agents in the exercise of their powers under this section or by any person acting under the direction of any employee or authorised agent of the Authority.
The costs and expenses (as determined by the Authority) of removing any vehicle and of taking the vehicle to a parking place under this section must be borne by the owner of the vehicle and if the costs and expenses are not paid upon demand therefor, they may be recovered from the owner of the vehicle as a debt due to the Authority.
If a vehicle is not claimed by its owner within one month of the date on which it was taken to a parking place under subsection (2), the Authority, after giving one month’s notice in the Gazette of its intention to do so, may sell the vehicle by public auction or otherwise dispose of the vehicle.
The proceeds (if any) from the sale or disposal of any vehicle under subsection (8) must be applied in payment of — (a) firstly, any charges incurred in carrying out the provisions of this section; and (b) secondly, any damage that may have been caused to any property of the Government by any unlawful use of the vehicle, and the surplus (if any) must be paid to the owner of the vehicle or, if not claimed by the owner of the vehicle within 12 months after the date of the sale or disposal, is forfeited to the Government.
The Authority may waive, in whole or in part, the costs and expenses of the removal of a vehicle mentioned in subsection (7).
Except as provided in subsection (1), any person who, without the prior authorisation of the Authority, tows any stationary vehicle from a tunnel forming part of an expressway shall be guilty of an offence.
In this section — “expressway” means any road which is prescribed by the Minister by order in the Gazette to be an expressway for the purposes of this section; “parking charges” means the charges which are fixed or deemed fixed under section 9 of the Parking Places Act 1974 as being payable by the owner of a vehicle for the use of any parking place. [38/2018]
For the purpose of proceedings for an offence in connection with any such vehicle against any person other than the driver of the vehicle, the person nominated in that behalf by the department in whose service the vehicle is used is deemed to be the person actually responsible, unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the driver only was responsible.
(a) the person so carried is in the employment of the owner or hirer of the vehicle and is proceeding on his or her employer’s business and is carried in accordance with rules prescribed under section 77(6); or (b) the person so carried is a sick or injured person carried in a case of emergency. [4/2006]
The owner of the goods vehicle shall in all cases also be liable for the act equally with and independently of the person actually driving or using the goods vehicle unless the owner proves that the owner had taken every reasonable precaution to prevent the commission of any offence under this section.
[Deleted by Act 4 of 2006]
[Deleted by Act 4 of 2006]
Any person who while being carried on or being permitted to ride on a goods vehicle — (a) fails to sit on a seat in or at any place on the vehicle as directed by the driver or other person in charge of the vehicle; or (b) fails to comply with any directions that are given by the driver or other person in charge of the vehicle regarding his or her personal safety, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $500.
[10/2017]
The person must not be arrested if he or she satisfies the police officer as to his or her name and residence in Singapore and that he or she does not intend to abscond.
A police officer may detain any bicycle or tricycle in respect of which an offence has been committed within the police officer’s view.
A police officer in uniform may stop any motor vehicle the driver of which has committed or is suspected of having committed an offence under this Act or the rules. [10/2017]
Any person driving a motor vehicle must stop the motor vehicle on being so required by a police officer in uniform, and if the person fails to do so he or she shall be guilty of an offence.
A police officer in uniform may, except as hereinafter provided, arrest without warrant any person in charge of or driving a motor vehicle who has committed or is suspected of having committed an offence under this Act or the rules. [10/2017]
The power of arrest under subsection (6) must not be exercised if either — (a) the person on the demand of the police officer produces his or her driving licence so as to enable the police officer to ascertain his or her name and address, the date of issue and the authority by which it was issued; or (b) the person, not being a paid driver or the driver of a motor vehicle used for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward or for the carriage of goods, gives the police officer his or her name and his or her address within Singapore.
If the police officer has reason to suspect that a name or address so ascertained or given is false, the police officer may, despite anything to the contrary in subsection (7), exercise the power of arrest under subsection (6).
The Registrar or any officer authorised in writing by the Registrar in that behalf on production of that authority or any police officer may stop any vehicle other than a motor vehicle, and any police officer in uniform may stop any motor vehicle, for the purpose of examining the licence of the vehicle.
Any person driving a vehicle must stop the vehicle on being so required by the Registrar or the officer under subsection (9), and if the person fails to do so the person shall be guilty of an offence.
Any police officer in uniform may, when exercising any of the powers conferred by subsection (4), (6) or (9), require any person, who appears to the police officer to be or to have been a passenger in the motor vehicle in relation to which the police officer is exercising those powers, to furnish to the police officer the person’s name and address.
When any person who is mentioned in subsection (11) refuses on the demand of the police officer in uniform to give his or her name and address, he or she may be arrested by the police officer in order that his or her name and address may be ascertained, and he or she must, within 24 hours from the arrest, be taken before a Magistrate’s Court, unless before that time his or her name and address are ascertained, in which case the person must be immediately released on his or her executing a bond with or without sureties for his or her appearance before a Magistrate’s Court, if so required.
When any person is taken before a Magistrate’s Court under subsection (12), the Court is to require him or her to execute a bond with or without a surety for his or her appearance before a Magistrate’s Court, if so required. officer may require the person to furnish evidence of his or her identity and the person must thereupon furnish any evidence of his or her identity that may be required by the Registrar or authorised officer.
Any person who — (a) refuses to furnish any evidence of identity required of him or her by the Registrar or an authorised officer under subsection (1); or (b) wilfully furnishes to the Registrar or authorised officer any information that is false, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $500.
If any person refuses to furnish any evidence of his or her identity when required to do so under this section or if the Registrar or an authorised officer has reason to believe that any information furnished by the person is false, the Registrar or authorised officer may without warrant arrest the person.
No person arrested under subsection (3) may be detained longer than is necessary for bringing the person before a court unless the order of a court for his or her detention is obtained.
In this section — “authorised officer” means any employee of the Authority or any other person who is duly authorised by the Registrar in writing to exercise the powers conferred on an authorised officer under this section; “prescribed offence” means any offence under this Act or the rules that is prescribed by the Minister as an offence to which this section applies.
For the purpose of this section, the Registrar may, with the written approval of the Minister, authorise any employee of any omnibus operator to exercise the powers of an authorised officer under this section in respect of any prescribed offence that is committed within a bus interchange or on an omnibus. (a) undergo any form of security screening mentioned in subsection (2); (b) undergo a frisk search; (c) permit an inspection to be made of the personal property of the bus passenger or entrant; (d) permit a search through any bag, container or other receptacle or any garments removed in accordance with subsection (2). [12/2021]
To ensure the security or safety of persons who are or may be on board a bus or at any bus interchange, a police officer or an approved person may ask a bus passenger of the bus or an entrant to the bus interchange to do one or more of the following: (a) walk through a screening detector; (b) pass the personal property of the bus passenger or entrant through an X‑ray machine; (c) allow the police officer or approved person to pass a hand‑held scanner in close proximity to the personal property of the bus passenger or entrant; (d) allow the police officer or approved person to inspect the personal property of the bus passenger or entrant; (e) produce or empty the contents of any bag, container or other receptacle in the possession or apparently in the immediate control of the bus passenger or entrant; (f) turn out the bus passenger’s or entrant’s pockets or remove all articles from the bus passenger’s or entrant’s clothing, and allow the police officer or approved person to inspect them; (g) remove any coat, jacket, gloves, shoes or hat or any other thing worn or carried by the bus passenger or entrant, which may be conveniently removed and that is specified by the police officer or approved person, and allow the police officer or approved person to inspect the coat, jacket, gloves, shoes or hat or other thing; (h) open an article for inspection and allow the police officer or approved person to inspect it. [12/2021]
To ensure the security or safety of persons who are or may be on board a bus or at any bus interchange, a police officer or a senior approved person may also ask a bus passenger of the bus or an entrant to the bus interchange to do one or more of the following: (a) undergo a frisk search; (b) allow the police officer or senior approved person to pass a hand‑held scanner in close proximity to the bus passenger or entrant. [12/2021]
To avoid doubt, a police officer or an approved person may make a request to a bus passenger of a bus or an entrant to a bus interchange to do anything under subsection (2)(d), (e), (f), (g) or (h) if the police officer or approved person (as the case may be) reasonably considers it necessary to make such a request under that provision, whether or not the bus passenger or entrant or the personal property of the bus passenger or entrant has been subjected to screening or a frisk search under subsection (2)(a), (b) or (c) or (3). [12/2021]
Without limiting subsection (6), where a bus passenger of a bus or an entrant to a bus interchange refuses — (a) to permit to be screened or inspected under subsection (2) or (3) by a police officer or an approved person — (i) the personal property of the bus passenger or entrant; or (ii) any bag, container or other receptacle in the possession or apparently in the immediate control of the bus passenger or entrant; (b) to allow a police officer or an approved person under subsection (2) or (3) to pass a hand‑held scanner in close proximity to the bus passenger or entrant or personal property of the bus passenger or entrant; or (c) to undergo a frisk search under subsection (3) by a police officer or a senior approved person, the police officer or approved person (as the case may be) may order the bus passenger or entrant to immediately leave the bus or bus interchange (as the case may be) and with that personal property, bag, container or receptacle, as the case may be. [12/2021]
An individual commits an offence if the individual, without reasonable excuse, refuses or fails to comply with any request or order of a police officer or an approved person under subsection (2),
or (5). [12/2021]
An individual who is guilty of an offence under subsection (6) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000. [12/2021]
However, it is not an offence under subsection (6) for any individual to refuse to comply with any request or order made or given by — (a) a police officer who is not in uniform and who fails to declare his or her office; or (b) an approved person who fails to declare his or her office and, in the case of an outsourced enforcement officer, who also refuses to produce his or her identification card on demand being made by that individual. [12/2021]
In this section and section 127C — “approved person”, in relation to any bus or bus interchange, means any of the following individuals who is authorised by the Authority in writing to exercise any power under this section at or in relation to the bus or bus interchange concerned: (a) an officer or employee of the Authority; (b) a member of an auxiliary police force in uniform; (c) an employee of — (i) a bus operator holding a Class 1 bus service licence (within the meaning of the Bus Services Industry Act 2015) to provide a bus service using the bus; or (ii) a bus interchange operator holding a bus interchange licence (within the meaning of the Bus Services Industry Act 2015) to operate the bus interchange; (d) a security officer (within the meaning of the Private Security Industry Act 2007) engaged by the bus operator or bus interchange operator mentioned in paragraph (c); (e) an outsourced enforcement officer; “bus interchange” means a terminal or station with purpose‑built facilities for the commencement or termination of one or more bus services and for the boarding or alighting of bus passengers; “bus passenger”, in relation to any bus, means an individual carried on board the bus, and includes — (a) an individual boarding or intending to board the bus for the purpose of travelling on board the bus as a passenger; and (b) a driver, fare collector or an inspector while carrying out work or on duty on board the bus in that capacity, or intending to board the bus for the purpose of carrying out that work or duty; “entrant”, in relation to any bus interchange, means an individual who is about to enter the bus interchange, and includes an individual who is within the bus interchange, whether or not a bus passenger; “frisk search” means a search of an individual conducted by quickly running the hands over the individual’s outer clothing; “hand‑held scanner” means a device that may be passed over or around an individual or an individual’s personal property to detect metal, dangerous objects or explosive or other hazardous substances; “identification card”, in relation to an outsourced enforcement officer, means an identification card issued under section 11(3) of the Land Transport Authority of Singapore Act 1995 to the officer; “inspecting an article” includes handling the article, opening it and examining or moving its contents; “personal property”, in relation to an individual, means things carried by the individual or things apparently in the immediate control of the individual, but does not include clothing being worn by the individual; “senior approved person”, in relation to any bus or bus interchange, means an approved person who is authorised by the Authority in writing to exercise any power under this section at or in relation to the bus or bus interchange concerned, as follows: (a) a member of an auxiliary police force in uniform; (b) a security officer (within the meaning of the Private Security Industry Act 2007) engaged by — (i) a bus operator holding a Class 1 bus service licence (within the meaning of the Bus Services Industry Act 2015) to provide a bus service using the bus; or (ii) a bus interchange operator holding a bus interchange licence (within the meaning of the Bus Services Industry Act 2015) to operate the bus interchange; (c) an outsourced enforcement officer. [12/2021] the bus interchange a dangerous item. [12/2021]
A bus passenger of a bus or an entrant to a bus interchange must not take a dangerous item on board the bus or into the bus interchange unless the bus passenger or entrant (as the case may be) has the express permission of a police officer or an approved person to do so. [12/2021]
An individual who contravenes subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. [12/2021]
However, it is not an offence under subsection (3) if the individual disposes of the dangerous item before boarding the bus or entering the bus interchange. [12/2021]
In this section, “dangerous item” means any of the following: (a) any pistol, gun, stun gun, taser, firearm or other object or a thing that, if used in the way for which it is or was designed or adapted, is or was capable of being aimed at a target and causing hurt or injury — (i) by propelling a bullet, shot or other projectile; or (ii) by discharging any corrosive substance or poison, by means of a burning propellant, compressed air or other compressed gas, or an explosive force (however caused); (b) a marine flare and signal, landing flare, highway fuse, smoke generator, distress signal or other pyrotechnic device intended for signalling, warning, rescue or similar purposes; (c) a firework, grenade, ammunition or any explosive device or explosive substance; (d) an axe, or a sword, dagger, spear or spearhead; (e) any petroleum or any substance prescribed to be a flammable material for the purposes of the Fire Safety Act 1993; (f) a hazardous substance or corrosive substance; (g) any other article or substance which is capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment and is prescribed under section 140 by the Minister as a dangerous item. [12/2021]
It shall not be an offence for any person to refuse to comply with any request, demand or order made by any police officer not in uniform who fails to declare his or her office and produce his or her identification card on demand being made by the person.
(a) in relation to an application made under this Act or the rules for registration or the cancellation of the registration of a vehicle, the grant of any approval, permit or licence to the person or any other person, or for the purpose of preventing the grant or variation of any approval, permit or licence or of procuring the imposition of any condition or limitation in relation to any approval, permit or licence, makes or causes to be made any statement or declaration which is false or in any material respect misleading; (b) furnishes or causes to be furnished any particulars in connection with a change of the registration of any vehicle which to the person’s knowledge are false or in any material respect misleading; or (c) makes or causes to be made any entry in a record, register or other document required to be kept under this Act and the rules which to the person’s knowledge is false or in any material respect misleading, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [4/2006; 10/2017]
If any person — (a) forges or alters or defaces or mutilates or uses or lends to, or allows to be used by, any other person, any mark, plate or document which is required under this Act to be carried on a vehicle or trailer, or any licence issued under this Act; (b) makes or has in the person’s possession any mark, plate or document so closely resembling a licence or any mark, plate or document as aforesaid as to be calculated to deceive; (c) alters any entry made in a record, register or other document kept under this Act or the rules; (d) exhibits upon any vehicle or trailer any licence or identification mark, plate or document which has been forged, altered, defaced, mutilated or added to or any colourable imitation of a licence, mark, plate or document which is required under this Act to be carried on a vehicle or trailer; (e) transfers or affixes to any vehicle or trailer for which it was not issued any licence, identification mark, plate or document which is required under this Act to be carried on a vehicle or trailer; or (f) uses any forged, altered, defaced or mutilated driving licence or any driving licence to which any addition not authorised by this Act has been made, the person shall, unless the person establishes to the satisfaction of the court that the person acted without intent to deceive, be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to be punished as follows: (g) in the case of a person who is convicted for the first time of an offence under subsection (2)(a) or (d) in connection with the alteration of a supplementary licence issued under section 11A — with a fine not exceeding $10,000; (h) in the case of a person who is convicted of a second or subsequent offence under subsection (2)(a) or (d) in connection with the alteration of a supplementary licence issued under section 11A — with a fine not exceeding $20,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or with both; (i) in any other case — with a fine not exceeding $5,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or with both. [4/2006; 10/2017]
Despite the provisions of any written law to the contrary, a District Court or Magistrate’s Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under this section and to impose the maximum penalty prescribed therefor.
Subsection (2), with the necessary modifications, applies in relation to a document evidencing the appointment of an officer for the purposes of this Act as it applies in relation to a licence.
If any police officer or the Registrar or officer authorised by the Registrar in writing has reasonable cause to believe that a document carried on a motor vehicle or any licence or record or other document produced to him or her pursuant to the provisions of this Act is a document in relation to which an offence under this section has been committed, he or she may seize the document.
When any document is seized under this section, the driver or the owner of the vehicle must, if the document is still detained and neither of them has previously been charged with an offence under this section, be summoned before a District Court or Magistrate’s Court to account for the driver’s or owner’s possession of or the presence on the vehicle of the document.
The District Court or Magistrate’s Court is to make such order respecting the disposal of the document and award such costs as the justice of the case may require.
In subsections (5), (6) and (7), “document” includes a plate and the power to seize includes power to detach from the vehicle.
(a) that any conveyance of persons or goods in a motor vehicle was for hire or reward; (b) that the passengers carried in a motor vehicle were being carried in consideration of separate payments made by them; (c) that a vehicle is not a vehicle in relation to which any licence under Part 5 has been granted; (d) that any person is not the holder of a licence granted under the provisions of Part 5 in respect of a motor vehicle; (e) that any person is the owner of a motor vehicle; and (f) that any person is the holder of a licence granted under Part 5.
(a) refuses or neglects to do anything the person is by this Act or the rules required to do; (b) fails to comply with the requirements of any notice served on the person under this Act or the rules; or (c) acts in contravention of any provision of this Act or the rules, shall be guilty of an offence. [10/2017]
Any person who, under this section or any other provision of this Act or the rules, is guilty of an offence shall be liable on conviction, where no special penalty is provided — (a) in the case of a first offence — to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; and (b) in the case of a second or subsequent offence — to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [10/2017] (a) by delivering it to the person or to some adult member or employee of his or her family at his or her usual or last known place of residence or any address furnished by the person; (b) by leaving it at the usual or last known place of residence or place of business of the person in a cover addressed to the person or any address furnished by the person; (c) by sending it by normal post or registered post in a prepaid letter addressed to the person at the person’s usual or last known place of residence or business or any address furnished by the person; or (d) in the case of a notice to be served on a person whose usual or last known place of residence or business cannot, with reasonable diligence, be ascertained, by publication of the notice in the Gazette. [37/2012; 10/2017] (1A) In addition, a notice, order or document (other than a summons) required or authorised to be given or served under this Act or any subsidiary legislation made under this Act on an individual, a partnership, a body corporate or an unincorporated association may be given or served — (a) by sending it by email to the email address of the individual, partnership, body corporate or unincorporated association, as the case may be; (b) by sending it by fax to whichever of the following is applicable: (i) the fax number last known to the Authority as the fax number for the service of notices, orders or documents on the individual; (ii) the fax number used at the partnership’s business address; (iii) the fax number used at the body corporate’s or unincorporated association’s registered office or principal office in Singapore; (c) by giving an electronic notice to the individual, partnership, body corporate or unincorporated association (called in this section an addressee) by the addressee’s chosen means of notification, stating that the notice, order or document is available and how the addressee may use the addressee’s chosen means of access to access the contents of that notice, order or document; or (d) by any other method authorised by the rules for the service of notices, orders or documents of that kind if the recipient consents (expressly or impliedly) to service of a notice, order or document of that kind in that way. [38/2018]
Where any summons, notice, order or document is served on any person by registered post, it is deemed to have been served within the time as it would take to arrive in the ordinary course of transmission and in proving service of the same it is sufficient to prove that the envelope containing the summons, notice, order or document was properly addressed, stamped and posted by registered post. (2A) Service of a notice, order or document under subsection (1A)(a) or (b) takes effect — (a) if the notice, order or document is sent by email, at the time that the email becomes capable of being retrieved by the person; or (b) if the notice, order or document is sent by fax and a notification of successful transmission is received, on the day of transmission. [38/2018] (2B) However, service of any notice, order or document under this Act or any subsidiary legislation made under this Act on a person by email or by an electronic notice at the person’s chosen means of notification may be effected only with the person’s prior consent (express or implied) to service in that way. [38/2018]
All notices, orders and other documents which the Registrar is empowered to give by this Act or the rules may be given by any officer duly authorised by the Registrar. [10/2017]
Subsection (1) does not apply to any summons in connection with any offence punishable with imprisonment and the summons must be served in the manner prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 for the service of summonses under that Code. [37/2012]
In this section — “business address” or “place of business” means — (a) in the case of an individual, the individual’s usual or last known place of business in Singapore; or (b) in the case of a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), the partnership’s principal or last known place of business in Singapore; “chosen means of access”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a notice, order or document required or authorised to be given or served under this Act or any subsidiary legislation made under this Act, means an electronic means the addressee agrees with the person giving or serving the notice, order or document as the means by which the addressee may access the contents of that notice, order or document; “chosen means of notification”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be given or served a notice, order or document required or authorised to be given or served under this Act or any subsidiary legislation made under this Act, means an electronic means that the addressee nominates to the person giving or serving the notice, order or document as the means by which the addressee may be notified that such a notice, order or document has been given or served on the addressee; “email address” means the last email address given by the addressee concerned to the person giving or serving a notice, order or document as the email address for the service of notices, orders or documents under this Act or any subsidiary legislation made under this Act. [38/2018] (a) to have been committed with the consent or connivance of an officer; or (b) to be attributable to any act or default on the officer’s part, the officer as well as the body corporate shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. [24/2010]
Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, subsection (1) applies in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with the member’s functions of management as if the member were a director of the body corporate. [24/2010]
Where an offence under this Act committed by a partnership is proved — (a) to have been committed with the consent or connivance of a partner; or (b) to be attributable to any act or default on the partner’s part, the partner as well as the partnership shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. [24/2010]
Where an offence under this Act committed by a limited liability partnership is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, a partner or manager of the limited liability partnership, the partner or manager (as the case may be) as well as the partnership shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. [24/2010]
Where an offence under this Act committed by an unincorporated association (other than a partnership) is proved — (a) to have been committed with the consent or connivance of an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body; or (b) to be attributable to any act or default on the part of such an officer or a member, the officer or member as well as the unincorporated association shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. [24/2010]
In this section — “body corporate” and “partnership” exclude a limited liability partnership within the meaning of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005; “officer” — (a) in relation to a body corporate, means any director, member of the committee of management, chief executive officer, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate and includes any person purporting to act in any such capacity; and (b) in relation to an unincorporated association (other than a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or any member of the committee of the unincorporated association, or any person holding a position analogous to that of the president, secretary or member of the committee and includes any person purporting to act in any such capacity; “partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner. [24/2010]
The appropriate Minister may make rules to provide for the application of any provision of this section, with any modifications that the appropriate Minister considers appropriate, to any body corporate, limited liability partnership or unincorporated association formed or recognised under the law of a territory outside Singapore. [24/2010]
[28/2014; 10/2017]
A duplicate of the notice must be prepared by the police officer and, if so required by a court, produced to the court.
The notice may be served on the person alleged to have committed the offence in the manner provided by section 131A.
On an accused person appearing before a court pursuant to the notice, the court is to take cognizance of the offence alleged and is to proceed as though the accused person were produced before it pursuant to section 153 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010. [15/2010]
If a person, upon whom the notice has been served in the manner provided by section 131A, fails to appear before a court in person or by counsel in accordance therewith, the court may, if satisfied that the notice was duly served, issue a warrant for the arrest of the person unless in the case of an offence which may be compounded that person has before that date been permitted to compound the offence.
Upon a person arrested pursuant to a warrant issued under subsection (5) being produced before it, a court is to proceed as though he or she were produced before it under section 153 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010. [Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022]
A notice served under subsection (1) may, at any time before the date specified in the notice, be cancelled by — (a) a police officer not below the rank of sergeant specially authorised by a Deputy Commissioner of Police; or (b) an employee of the Authority specially authorised in person by the Registrar of Vehicles appointed under section 9(1). [23/2013; 28/2014; 12/2021]
(a) the Deputy Commissioner of Police; (b) the Registrar of Vehicles. [28/2014; 12/2021]
(a) one half of the amount of the maximum fine that is prescribed for the offence; (b) $5,000. [10/2017] (1A) On payment of the composition sum under subsection (1), no further proceedings are to be taken against that person in respect of the offence. [10/2017] (1B) In this section, “relevant authorised officer” means any of the following: (a) the Deputy Commissioner of Police designated by the Commissioner of Police for the purposes of this section; (b) a police officer not below the rank of sergeant specially authorised by name for the purposes of this section by the Deputy Commissioner of Police mentioned in paragraph (a); (c) the Registrar of Vehicles appointed under section 9(1); (d) an employee of the Authority specially authorised by name for the purposes of this section in an instrument personally executed by the Registrar of Vehicles mentioned in paragraph (c). [10/2017]
The appropriate Minister may make rules to prescribe the offences that may be compounded under this section and the conditions subject to which, and the method and procedure by which, the offences may be compounded.
All sums collected under this section must be paid into the Consolidated Fund. [25/2020]
Where a person pays by cheque the whole or any part of any tax or fee for a licence under this Act or any subsidiary legislation made under the Act, and the cheque is not accepted on presentation or is dishonoured — (a) the licence is void as from the date when it was granted or renewed, as the case may be; and (b) the Registrar must give the person a dishonour notice in a manner allowed under section 131A. [38/2018] (2A) A dishonour notice must — (a) contain a statement to the effect that the cheque was dishonoured or not accepted, as the case may be; (b) contain a statement to the effect that the relevant licence is void as from the date when it was granted or renewed, as the case may be; and (c) if the licence was not issued in electronic form, require the person to deliver up the licence to the Registrar within a period of 7 days after the date that the dishonour notice is given. [38/2018]
If the person fails to comply with the request within the period under subsection (2A)(c), the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000. [10/2017; 38/2018]
If the licence granted under subsection (1) is in respect of a motor vehicle, the Registrar may on the expiry of the 7 days after the dishonour notice is given, proceed under section 15. [10/2017; 38/2018]
evidence of the registration of the vehicle or of the fact that the vehicle was licensed for the period specified in the licence, as the case may be. [4/2006]
When in any proceedings for an offence under this Act and the rules it is necessary to prove — (a) that a vehicle was, or was not, registered in the name of any person; (b) that any person was, or was not, the registered owner of a vehicle; or (c) that any person was, or was not, the holder of a licence granted under this Act, a certificate purporting to be signed by the Registrar or the Deputy Commissioner of Police (as the case may be) and certifying the matters aforesaid is admissible as evidence, and constitutes prima facie proof of the facts certified in the certificate, without proof of the signature of the Registrar or the Deputy Commissioner of Police (as the case may be), to the certificate. [10/2017]
When in any proceedings for an offence under this Act or the rules any question arises as to whether a vehicle does, or does not, comply with any of the provisions of this Act or the rules relating to the construction, equipment or conditions of use of the vehicle, or to any identification mark or sign carried by or fixed on it or the seal of that mark or sign, or to any marking on it, a certificate from an officer of the Registrar’s office that he or she has examined the vehicle and the result of the examination is admissible in evidence, and is sufficient prima facie evidence of any fact or opinion stated therein relating to the construction, equipment or conditions of use of the vehicle, or to any identification mark or sign carried by or fixed on it or the seal of that mark or sign, or to any marking on it. [4/2006; 10/2017]
The officer may not be called for cross-examination on the certificate unless contrary evidence is given which appears to the court to be credible, or unless for any reason the court considers cross-examination to be necessary or desirable in the interests of justice.
In any case in which the prosecution intends to give in evidence any such certificate, there must be delivered to the defendant a copy thereof at least 10 clear days before the start of the trial.
When in any proceedings it is necessary to prove the weight unladen or laden of any vehicle, or the weight of any load carried on any vehicle, a certificate purporting to be signed by any public officer in charge of the weighbridge or weighing machine on which such vehicle or load was weighed, and certifying the weight of the vehicle or load and that the weighbridge or weighing machine had been examined within the previous 12 months and found to be accurate, is to be accepted by any court as prima facie proof of the facts certified in the certificate.
When in any proceedings before any court it is necessary to prove that any police officer, public officer or the Registrar or the Deputy Commissioner of Police (as the case may be) has sent or served, or has received or has not received, any badge, document, licence, notice, plate or other thing, a certificate purporting to be signed by the police officer, public officer or the Registrar or the Deputy Commissioner of Police (as the case may be) and certifying the sending, service, reception or non-reception (as the case may be) of the badge, document, licence, notice, plate or thing, is admissible as evidence, and constitutes prima facie proof of the facts certified in the certificate, without proof of the signature of that certificate.
Where in any proceedings for an offence under this Act or the rules relating to the maximum speed at which motor vehicles may be driven it is necessary to prove the speed at which the vehicle has been driven, a certificate, purporting to be signed by a police officer not below the rank of inspector who was in charge of the apparatus, instrument or appliance used to measure, at a distance from such vehicle, the speed at which the vehicle was driven and certifying that the apparatus, instrument or appliance had been examined within the previous 3 months and found to be accurate, is to be accepted by any court as prima facie proof of the facts certified in the certificate. [10/2017] [19/2019; 12/2021] [10/2017]
(a) for prescribing the language and script in which any traffic sign, notice, record, application, return or other documents must be written; (b) for any purpose for which rules may be made under this Act; (c) for prescribing anything that may be prescribed under this Act; (d) generally for the purpose of carrying this Act into effect; and (e) for prescribing penalties (not exceeding those provided by section 131) for any breach or failure to comply with any such rules.
Without limiting subsection (1), the appropriate Minister may make rules with respect to any of the following matters or for any of the following purposes: (a) regulating the relative position in the roadway of traffic of differing speeds or types; (b) prescribing the conditions subject to which and the times at which, articles of exceptionally heavy weight or exceptionally large dimensions may be carried along roads; (c) regulating the loads which may be carried on vehicles and prescribing the manner in which vehicles on or passing along a road must be loaded and the precautions to be taken for ensuring the safety of the public in connection therewith; (d) prescribing the conditions subject to which, and the times at which, articles may be loaded on to or unloaded from vehicles or vehicles of any particular class or description, while on a road; (e) prescribing the precedence to be observed as between traffic proceeding in the same direction, or in opposite directions, or when crossing; (f) prescribing the conditions subject to which, and the times at which, horses, cattle, sheep and other animals may be led or driven on or along a road; (g) prescribing the conditions subject to which vehicles, or vehicles of any particular class or description, may be left unattended on a road; (h) prohibiting animals from being left unattended or not under due control on a road; (i) restricting the use of vehicles and animals, of sandwichmen and other persons on roads for the purposes of advertisement of such a nature or in such a manner as to be likely to be a source of danger or to cause obstruction to traffic; (j) restricting and regulating the use on roads of vehicles engaged in the erection, placing, removal, alteration or repair of lamps, overhead cables or road or street works; (k) restricting or prohibiting the washing of vehicles and animals on any road; (l) prescribing the lights to be carried on vehicles other than motor vehicles, or on any particular class or description of such vehicles, including the nature of the lights, the position in which they must be fixed and the period during which they must be lighted; (m) prescribing and restricting the number and kind of brakes, bells, horns or other warning instruments to be fitted to vehicles of any particular kind or description; (n) prescribing the number of persons who may be carried upon pedal bicycles or pedal tricycles while on any road; (o) prescribing the general behaviour of traffic on roads; (p) prescribing the fees, costs and charges that may be imposed for the purposes of this Act, where no provision has already been made therefor in any of the foregoing provisions. [24/2010]
If a resolution is passed pursuant to a motion notice of which has been given for a sitting day not later than the first available sitting day of Parliament next after the expiry of one month from the date when the rules are so presented annulling the rules or any part of the rules as from a specified date, the rules or any part of the rules (as the case may be) thereupon become void as from that date but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder or to the making of new rules.
or the rules any person or class or description of persons or any vehicle or class or description of vehicles. [10/2017] (a) any Minister of State for his or her Ministry; (b) any Parliamentary Secretary to his or her Ministry. [24/2010]
In this section, the references to a Minister of State and a Parliamentary Secretary include, respectively, references to a Senior Minister of State and a Senior Parliamentary Secretary. [24/2010] [24/2010]
Every security officer who is authorised to regulate traffic pursuant to subsection (1) must, when in uniform and while carrying out his or her duties in regulating traffic under any provision of this Act, comply with any directions that the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Authority (as the case may be) may give. [24/2010]
Commissioner of Police under this section authorising the person to use that road or part thereof for the conduct of the event. [24/2010]
The Deputy Commissioner of Police may, on his or her own motion, or upon granting a permit mentioned in subsection (1), issue police orders to — (a) close any road or part thereof to traffic to such extent, for such period and subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order; and (b) prescribe — (i) the routes, entrances and exits by which vehicles or pedestrians are to approach or leave the venue of an event or any place of assembly or public resort; (ii) where and the order in which vehicles are to park at or around the venue of an event or any place of assembly or public resort; (iii) one or more parking places upon any land at or around any venue, place of assembly or public resort that is in private ownership, if the owner or occupier of the land consents; and (iv) any other matters that may be necessary or incidental to the closure of any road or part thereof under paragraph (a). [24/2010]
An application for a permit mentioned in subsection (1) must — (a) be made to the Deputy Commissioner of Police in such form or manner, and not less than such period before the date of the event, as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require; and (b) be accompanied by such fee (if any) as the Minister may prescribe. [24/2010]
Upon receiving an application under subsection (3), the Deputy Commissioner of Police may, after consulting the Authority — (a) grant the permit applied for — (i) in the form and manner that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may determine; and (ii) subject to any conditions that the Deputy Commissioner of Police and the Authority may each think fit to impose; or (b) refuse to grant the permit. [24/2010]
The conditions which may be imposed under subsection (4)(a)(ii) include conditions requiring the person to whom the permit is granted, at the person’s own expense — (a) to publish, in such form and manner and for such period as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require, a notice informing the general public or such persons as the Deputy Commissioner of Police thinks fit of — (i) the closure of any road or part thereof under subsection (2); and (ii) the alternative route or routes (if any) that are available for vehicles or pedestrians; (b) to post conspicuously at any part of any road, and for such period as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require, such notices and signs as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may specify to inform motorists and pedestrians of — (i) the closure of any road or part thereof under subsection (2); and (ii) the alternative route or routes (if any) that are available for vehicles or pedestrians; (c) to place such signs, barriers and barricades at such places and for such period as the Deputy Commissioner of Police may require; and (d) to engage a sufficient number of auxiliary police officers or security officers to regulate traffic on any road or at or around the venue of the event to which the permit relates in accordance with any directions that the Deputy Commissioner of Police may give. [24/2010]
Without affecting subsection (5), the Deputy Commissioner of Police may take any measures that he or she thinks fit to implement any police order issued under subsection (2) and may deploy police officers, auxiliary police officers and security officers to regulate traffic on any road or at or around any venue affected by the police order. [24/2010]
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence. [24/2010]
If the person to whom a permit is granted under this section fails to comply with any condition imposed by the Deputy Commissioner of Police or the Authority (as the case may be) under subsection (4)(a)(ii), that person shall be guilty of an offence, and the Deputy Commissioner of Police may revoke the permit granted to that person. [24/2010]
If any person neglects or refuses to stop a vehicle or to make it proceed in or keep to a particular line of traffic or neglects or refuses himself or herself to proceed in or keep to a particular line of traffic when directed to do so by a police officer, an auxiliary police officer or a security officer, who is in uniform and who is engaged or deployed to regulate traffic for the purpose of this section, that person shall be guilty of an offence. [24/2010]
Police orders issued under this section must be published in the Gazette and may be published in any other manner that the Deputy Commissioner of Police thinks fit. [24/2010]
The Minister may make rules to prescribe the types of event to which subsection (1) does not apply and to make provisions subject to which any road or part thereof may be used for the conduct of any such event. [24/2010]
In this section, “event” means — (a) any sporting event (such as a marathon, a walkathon, a triathlon or a cycling rally); or (b) any procession, parade, celebration, ceremony, gathering, activity or event, that is to be conducted mainly or partly on a road or any part thereof, and includes a competition or trial of speed involving the use of vehicles mentioned in section 116. [24/2010]
or she is in charge and not claimed by the owner thereof. [4/2006]
Any driver or conductor who neglects or omits to so deposit all money or other property shall be guilty of an offence.
The Authority may make rules — (a) to prescribe one or more places for the purposes of subsection (1); and (b) for the disposal of money or other property deposited under subsection (1). [4/2006]
care and in good faith in the execution or purported execution of this Act. [38/2018] FIRST SCHEDULE SPECIFIED ACTS PART 1
The Parking Places Act 1974.
45(9) The Parking Places Act 1974. SECOND SCHEDULE Sections 65A(1), 100 and 111A(3) CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES
First column Second column Class of Public Service Vehicles Description (a) Excursion buses Buses which are used on non-scheduled transport services and in which passengers are charged separate and distinct fares. (b) Omnibuses Buses which are used on scheduled transport services and in which passengers are charged separate and distinct fares. (c) Private buses Buses owned by any person and used exclusively for the conveyance of the employees of the owner of the buses or for the conveyance of persons in connection with the owner’s business, any charges made for the conveyance of those persons being such that no profit results therefrom. (d) Private hire buses Buses which do not ply for hire on any road but are hired under a contract, express or SECOND SCHEDULE — continued implied, for the use of each such vehicle as a whole. (e) Private hire cars Motor cars that do not ply for hire on any road but are hired, or made available for hire, under a contract (express or implied) for use as a whole — (i) with a driver for the purpose of conveying one or more passengers in that car; or (ii) by a hirer, or any other person authorised by the hirer in the contract, to drive the motor car personally. (f) School buses Buses used for carrying children to and from schools and hired under a contract, express or implied, at a fixed or agreed rate or sum. (g) Taxis Motor cars having a seating capacity for not more than 8 persons (including the driver), which ply for hire on any road and are hired under a contract, express or implied, for the use of each such vehicle as a whole or for the use of 2 or more persons who pay separate fares. (h) Trishaws Three-wheeled pedal cycles constructed or adapted for the carriage of passengers. [S 678/2023 wef 30/10/2023]
“bus” means a public service vehicle of a design approved by the Registrar and having a seating capacity for not less than 9 persons (excluding the driver); “non-scheduled transport services” means, in respect of a single “non‑scheduled transport service”, a transport service that is provided by transport operators to carry passengers with a passenger list for hire, reward or any other form of consideration according to a vehicle itinerary, and which does not qualify as a scheduled transport service; “scheduled transport services” means, in respect of a single “scheduled transport service”, a transport service over a specified route, according to SECOND SCHEDULE — continued a fixed route table with predetermined stopping places and for which set fares are charged, which is accessible to everyone either on a first‑come, first‑served basis, or with prior booking. [S 678/2023 wef 30/10/2023] THIRD SCHEDULE SPECIFIED OFFENCES PART 1 Sections 81(1B), 82 and 83(6)
Rules 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10(1) and 11(1).
Rules 2(1), 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12(2), 13(1) and (2)(a) and (b), 14, 17, 18, 19, 23, 28(1), 29, 30, 33(1) and (2) and 35(1).
Rules 4, 5, 6(1), 7, 8, 9, 12(1), 13(d) to (h) and 14(1)(a) and (b).
THIRD SCHEDULE — continued
[28/2014; 10/2017] LEGISLATIVE HISTORY ROAD TRAFFIC ACT 1961 This Legislative History is a service provided by the Law Revision Commission on a best-efforts basis. It is not part of the Act. PICTORIAL OVERVIEW OF PREDECESSOR ACTS LEGISLATIVE HISTORY DETAILS PART 1 ROAD TRAFFIC (THIRD-PARTY INSURANCE) ORDINANCE, 1938 (ORDINANCE 8 OF 1938)
Bill : G.N. No. 1096/1938 First Reading : 25 April 1938 Second Reading : 13 June 1938 Notice of Amendments : 13 June 1938 Third Reading : 13 June 1938 Commencement : 1 July 1938
Bill : G.N. No. 1357/1939 First Reading : 12 June 1939 Second Reading : 28 August 1939 Notice of Amendments : 28 August 1939 Third Reading : 28 August 1939 Commencement : 16 September 1939
TRACTION ENGINES AND MOTOR CARS ORDINANCE (CHAPTER 214, 1936 REVISED EDITION)
Bill : S.S.G.G. No. 29/1871 First Reading : 6 July 1871 Second Reading : 10 July 1871 Third Reading : 3 November 1871 Commencement : 6 November 1871
Bill : G.N. No. 486/1905 First Reading : 14 April 1905 Second Reading : 5 May 1905 Notice of Amendments : 9 June 1905 Third Reading : 16 June 1905 Commencement : 16 June 1905
Bill : G.N. No. 1182/1911 First Reading : 29 September 1911 Second Reading : 13 October 1911 Notice of Amendments : 10 November 1911 Third Reading : 10 November 1911 Commencement : 1 June 1913
Bill : G.N. No. 208/1913 First Reading : 28 February 1913 Second Reading : 7 March 1913 Third Reading : 4 April 1913 Commencement : 1 June 1913
Bill : G.N. No. 1523/1913 First Reading : 30 January 1914 Second Reading : 13 February 1914 Notice of Amendments : 27 February 1914 Third Reading : 13 March 1914 Commencement : 25 March 1914
Bill : G.N. No. 728/1916 First Reading : 16 June 1916 Second Reading : 29 September 1916 Third Reading : 3 November 1916 Commencement : 7 November 1916
Operation : 28 November 1921
(Amendments made by section 3(a) read with Schedule B to the above Ordinance) Bill : G.N. No. 1854/1921 First and Second Readings : 22 November 1921 Notice of Amendments : 22 November 1921 Third Reading : 22 November 1921 Commencement : 28 November 1921 (section 3(a) read with Schedule B)
Bill : G.N. No. 1866/1923 First Reading : 17 December 1923 Second Reading : 18 February 1924 Notice of Amendments : 18 February 1924 Third Reading : 14 April 1924 Commencement : 8 May 1924
Operation : 1 August 1926
Bill : G.N. No. 1581/1928 First Reading : 27 August 1928 Second Reading : 8 October 1928 Notice of Amendments : 8 October 1928 Third Reading : 29 October 1928 Commencement : 1 January 1929
Operation : 1 September 1936
TRAFFIC REGULATION ORDINANCE (CHAPTER 213, 1936 REVISED EDITION)
Bill : G.N. No. 105/1933 First Reading : 16 January 1933 Second Reading : 6 March 1933 Select Committee Report : Council Paper No. 25 of 1933 Notice of Amendments : 31 July 1933 Third Reading : 31 July 1933 Commencement : 27 September 1933
Operation : 1 September 1936
ROAD TRAFFIC ORDINANCE (CHAPTER 227, 1955 REVISED EDITION)
Bill : G.N. No. 3464/1939 First Reading : 22 April 1940 Second Reading : 14 October 1940 Select Committee Report : Council Paper No. 91 of 1940 Notice of Amendments : 20 January 1941 Third Reading : 28 April 1941 Commencement : 1 August 1941 (Part II) 2 August 1941 (sections 31 and 81(1) and (2)) 15 August 1941 (section 88) 1 October 1946 (Part II) 18 October 1946 (section 80(1)(b) and (d), (2)(a), (b), (c) and (d), (4) and (5)) 1 January 1949 (Parts I, III and IV) 1 February 1949 (section 2)
Bill : G.N. No. S 388/1948 First Reading : 9 November 1948 Second and Third Readings : 21 December 1948 Commencement : 1 January 1949
(Amendments made by section 2 read with the Schedule to the above Ordinance) Bill : G.N. No. S 48/1950 First Reading : 22 February 1950 Second Reading : 21 March 1950 Notice of Amendments : 21 March 1950 Third Reading : 21 March 1950 Commencement : 28 March 1950 (section 2 read with the Schedule)
Bill : G.N. No. S 258/1951 First Reading : 17 July 1951 Second and Third Readings : 21 August 1951 Commencement : 6 September 1951
Bill : 27/1953 First Reading : 24 November 1953 Second Reading : 15 December 1953 Notice of Amendments : 15 December 1953 Third Reading : 15 December 1953 Commencement : 23 December 1953
(Amendments made by section 2 read with item 36 of the Schedule to the above Ordinance) Bill : 45/1954 First Reading : 14 December 1954 Second and Third Readings : 28 January 1955 Commencement : 4 February 1955 (section 2 read with item 36 of the Schedule)
(Amendments made by section 2 read with item 105 of the Schedule to the above Ordinance) Bill : 32/1952 First Reading : 16 September 1952 Second and Third Readings : 14 October 1952 Commencement : 30 April 1955 (section 2 read with item 105 of the Schedule)
Commencement : 17 September 1955
Bill : 23/1955 First Reading : 12 October 1955 Second and Third Readings : 7 November 1955 Commencement : 25 November 1955
Operation : 1 July 1956
Bill : 100/1957 First Reading : 24 April 1957 Second and Third Readings : 22 May 1957 Commencement : 12 September 1957
Bill : 158/1958 First Reading : 16 July 1958 Second Reading : 13 August 1958 Notice of Amendments : 10 September 1958 Third Reading : 10 September 1958 Commencement : 25 September 1958 (section 2 read with the Schedule)
(Amendments made by section 15 of the above Ordinance) Bill : 215/1959 First Reading : 3 March 1959 Second Reading : 18 March 1959 Notice of Amendments : 18 March 1959 Third Reading : 18 March 1959 Commencement : 3 June 1959 (section 15)
Commencement : 20 November 1959
(Amendments made by section 22 of the above Ordinance) Bill : 35/1959 First Reading : 11 November 1959 Second Reading : 13 January 1960 Notice of Amendments : 13 January 1960 Third Reading : 13 January 1960 Commencement : 5 February 1960 (section 22)
ROAD TRAFFIC ACT 1961 (2020 REVISED EDITION)
Bill : 143/1961 First Reading : 24 May 1961 Second Reading : 14 June 1961 Notice of Amendments : 14 June 1961 Third Reading : 14 June 1961 Commencement : 1 January 1963 (sections 13 to 21) 23 November 1963 (sections 1 to 12, 22 to 78 and 80 to 90) 8 August 1985 (section 91, renumbered as section 147 in the 1985 Reprint of the Road Traffic Act)
(Amendments made by section 11 of the above Ordinance) Bill : 207/1963 First Reading : 11 June 1963 Second and Third Readings : 24 July 1963 Commencement : 1 September 1963 (section 11)
Bill : 11/1966 First Reading : 23 February 1966 Second Reading : 22 June 1966 Notice of Amendments : 22 June 1966 Third Reading : 22 June 1966 Commencement : 8 July 1966
Bill : 35/1966 First Reading : 17 August 1966 Second and Third Readings : 26 August 1966 Commencement : 9 September 1966
(Amendments made by section 3 read with Part B of the First Schedule to the above Act) Bill : 58/1966 First Reading : 5 December 1966 Second Reading : 21 December 1966 Select Committee Report : Parl. 11 of 1967 Third Reading : 21 December 1967 Commencement : 29 December 1967 (section 3 read with Part B of the First Schedule)
Bill : 35/1968 First Reading : 31 July 1968 Second and Third Readings : 3 December 1968 Commencement : 1 February 1969 (except section 5) 1 January 1970 (section 5)
Bill : 21/1970 First Reading : 21 May 1970 Second and Third Readings : 26 June 1970 Commencement : 1 August 1970 (except section 4)
Bill : 58/1970 First Reading : 30 December 1970 Second and Third Readings : 11 January 1971 Commencement : 1 March 1971
Operation : 1 April 1971
(Amendments made by section 2 read with the Schedule to the above Act) Bill : 16/1973 First Reading : 7 March 1973 Second and Third Readings : 20 March 1973 Commencement : 6 April 1973 (section 2 read with the Schedule)
Bill : 44/1972 First Reading : 22 November 1972 Second and Third Readings : 16 February 1973 Commencement : 1 May 1973
Reprint : 5 May 1973
Bill : 15/1974 First Reading : 28 August 1974 Second Reading : 23 October 1974 Notice of Amendments : 23 October 1974 Third Reading : 23 October 1974 Commencement : 1 March 1975
Bill : 1/1976 First Reading : 1 March 1976 Second and Third Readings : 25 March 1976 Commencement : 1 August 1976
Bill : 12/1977 First Reading : 2 September 1977 Second and Third Readings : 9 November 1977 Commencement : 23 December 1977
Bill : 30/1979 First Reading : 7 September 1979 Second and Third Readings : 21 September 1979 Commencement : 4 January 1980
Bill : 8/1980 First Reading : 26 February 1980 Second and Third Readings : 17 March 1980 Commencement : 1 June 1980
Bill : 20/1981 First Reading : 21 July 1981 Second and Third Readings : 14 August 1981 Commencement : 4 September 1981
Bill : 26/1981 First Reading : 23 October 1981 Second and Third Readings : 22 December 1981 Commencement : 29 January 1982
Bill : 33/1981 First Reading : 22 December 1981 Second and Third Readings : 3 March 1982 Commencement : 16 April 1982
Bill : 3/1984 First Reading : 17 January 1984 Second and Third Readings : 2 March 1984 Commencement : 27 April 1984
Bill : 14/1984 First Reading : 29 June 1984 Second and Third Readings : 24 August 1984 Commencement : 1 October 1984
Reprint : 25 April 1985
Bill : 8/1985 First Reading : 23 July 1985 Second Reading : 30 August 1985 Notice of Amendments : 30 August 1985 Third Reading : 30 August 1985 Commencement : 1 October 1985
Operation : 30 March 1987
(Amendments made by section 24 of the above Act) Bill : 9/1987 First Reading : 20 May 1987 Second and Third Readings : 28 July 1987 Commencement : 14 August 1987 (section 24)
Bill : 21/1989 First Reading : 13 March 1989 Second and Third Readings : 7 April 1989 Commencement : 17 April 1989
Bill : 5/1990 First Reading : 26 February 1990 Second and Third Readings : 28 March 1990 Commencement : 2 April 1990
Bill : 7/1991 First Reading : 26 February 1991 Second and Third Readings : 22 March 1991 Commencement : 1 April 1991
Bill : 37/1992 First Reading : 16 November 1992 Second and Third Readings : 18 January 1993 Commencement : 15 April 1993
Bill : 29/1993 First Reading : 30 August 1993 Second and Third Readings : 12 October 1993 Commencement : 1 July 1994
Operation : 15 July 1994
Bill : 8/1994 First Reading : 23 May 1994 Second and Third Readings : 25 July 1994 Commencement : 28 October 1994
Bill : 24/1995 First Reading : 7 July 1995 Second and Third Readings : 7 August 1995 Commencement : 1 September 1995 (section 45 read with item 3 of the Sixth Schedule)
Bill : 3/1996 First Reading : 18 January 1996 Second and Third Readings : 27 February 1996 Commencement : 10 May 1996
Bill : 6/1997 First Reading : 11 July 1997 Second and Third Readings : 25 August 1997 Commencement : 1 October 1997 (section 8 read with item (3) of the Third Schedule)
Operation : 20 December 1997
Bill : 8/1998 First Reading : 14 January 1998 Second and Third Readings : 19 February 1998 Commencement : 1 April 1998
Bill : 50/1998 First Reading : 23 November 1998 Second and Third Readings : 20 January 1999 Commencement : 1 March 1999
Bill : 35/1999 First Reading : 11 October 1999 Second and Third Readings : 24 November 1999 Commencement : 21 December 1999
Bill : 27/2001 First Reading : 11 July 2001 Second and Third Readings : 25 July 2001 Commencement : 10 September 2001
Bill : 24/2002 First Reading : 8 July 2002 Second and Third Readings : 23 July 2002 Commencement : 1 September 2002 (except sections 2, 3 and 9) 16 December 2002 (sections 2, 3 and 9)
Bill : 45/2002 First Reading : 25 November 2002 Second and Third Readings : 25 January 2003 Commencement : 17 March 2003
Operation : 31 December 2004
Operation : 31 December 2004
Bill : 42/2005 First Reading : 21 November 2005 Second and Third Readings : 17 January 2006 Commencement : 27 February 2006 (except sections 17, 22 and 23) 1 April 2006 (sections 17, 22 and 23)
(Amendments made by section 60 of the above Act) Bill : 39/2005 First Reading : 21 November 2005 Second and Third Readings : 16 January 2006 Commencement : 23 June 2006 (section 60)
(Amendments made by section 15 of the above Act) Bill : 14/2006 First Reading : 8 November 2006 Second and Third Readings : 22 January 2007 Commencement : 1 March 2007 (section 15)
(Amendments made by section 28 read with item (5) of the Schedule to the above Act) Bill : 17/2007 First Reading : 9 April 2007 Second and Third Readings : 22 May 2007 Commencement : 1 July 2007 (section 28 read with item (5) of the Schedule)
(Amendments made by section 107 read with item (5) of the Third Schedule to the above Act) Bill : 38/2007 First Reading : 17 September 2007 Second and Third Readings : 23 October 2007 Commencement : 1 February 2008 (section 107 read with item (5) of the Third Schedule)
Bill : 18/2010 First Reading : 16 August 2010 Second and Third Readings : 15 September 2010 Commencement : 1 November 2010
(Amendments made by section 430 read with item 90 of the Sixth Schedule to the above Act) Bill : 11/2010 First Reading : 26 April 2010 Second Reading : 18 May 2010 Third Reading : 19 May 2010 Commencement : 2 January 2011 (section 430 read with item 90 of the Sixth Schedule)
(Amendments made by section 20 of the above Act) Bill : 19/2011 First Reading : 18 October 2011 Second and Third Readings : 22 November 2011 Commencement : 1 January 2012 (section 20)
(Amendments made by section 10 read with the Second Schedule to the above Act) Bill : 3/2012 First Reading : 14 February 2012 Second and Third Readings : 9 March 2012 Commencement : 1 September 2012 (section 10 read with the Second Schedule)
Bill : 35/2012 First Reading : 15 October 2012 Second and Third Readings : 16 November 2012 Commencement : 1 January 2013 (except sections 11 to 21) 1 June 2013 (sections 11 to 21)
Bill : 19/2013 First Reading : 21 October 2013 Second and Third Readings : 11 November 2013 Commencement : 1 January 2014
(Amendments made by section 9 of the above Act) Bill : 25/2013 First Reading : 11 November 2013 Second and Third Readings : 21 January 2014 Commencement : 10 March 2014 (section 9)
Bill : 22/2014 First Reading : 4 August 2014 Second and Third Readings : 8 September 2014 Commencement : 1 February 2015 (except sections 4, 8, 9 and 27(b) and (c)) 1 November 2015 (sections 4 and 9) 1 January 2016 (sections 8 and 27(b) and (c))
(Amendments made by section 34 of the above Act) Bill : 14/2015 First Reading : 13 April 2015 Second and Third Readings : 11 May 2015 Commencement : 1 September 2015 (section 34)
(Amendments made by section 54 of the above Act) Bill : 26/2015 First Reading : 13 July 2015 Second and Third Readings : 18 August 2015 Commencement : 22 January 2016 (section 54)
(Amendments made by section 26 of the above Act) Bill : 27/2015 First Reading : 13 July 2015 Second and Third Readings : 18 August 2015 Commencement : 22 January 2016 (section 26)
Bill : 5/2017 First Reading : 10 January 2017 Second and Third Readings : 7 February 2017 Commencement : 22 January 2016 (section 2) 20 June 2017 (except sections 2, 3(a), (f), (g), (h) and (i), 4, 5(a), 6, 10, 13, 15, 18, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41 and 46(1)) 1 July 2017 (sections 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35) 20 July 2017 (sections 13 and 18) 14 August 2017 (section 3(f), (h) and (i)) 24 August 2017 (sections 3(a) and (g), 5(a), 6 and 15) 1 May 2018 (section 30)
(Amendments made by section 70 of the above Act) Bill : 40/2016 First Reading : 9 November 2016 Second Reading : 10 January 2017 Notice of Amendments : 10 January 2017 Third Reading : 10 January 2017 Commencement : 20 June 2017 (section 70(1)(d)) 14 August 2017 (section 70(1)(a) and (c)) 15 January 2018 (section 70(1)(b) and
) 1 May 2018 (section 70(3))
Commencement : 20 June 2017
(Amendments made by section 30 of the above Act) Bill : 17/2017 First Reading : 9 March 2017 Second and Third Readings : 3 April 2017 Commencement : 1 January 2018 (section 30)
(Amendments made by Part 6 of the above Act) Bill : 29/2018 First Reading : 6 August 2018 Second and Third Readings : 10 September 2018 Commencement : 1 May 2018 (section 67) 2 January 2019 (Part 6 except sections 51, 59, 60, 62, 67, 68 and 69) 3 June 2019 (sections 51, 59, 60, 62, 68 and 69)
(Amendments made by section 50(11) of the above Act) Bill : 2/2018 First Reading : 8 January 2018 Second and Third Readings : 5 February 2018 Commencement : 31 August 2018 (section 50(11))
(Amendments made by section 17 of the above Act) Bill : 26/2018 First Reading : 17 May 2018 Second and Third Readings : 9 July 2018 Commencement : 18 February 2019 (section 17)
Bill : 13/2019 First Reading : 6 May 2019 Second Reading : 8 July 2019 Notice of Amendments : 8 July 2019 Third Reading : 8 July 2019 Commencement : 1 November 2019 (sections 2, 3, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21) 29 June 2021 (sections 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10)
(Amendments made by section 186 of the above Act) Bill : 6/2019 First Reading : 11 February 2019 Second Reading : 6 May 2019 Notice of Amendments : 6 May 2019 Third Reading : 6 May 2019 Commencement : 1 January 2020 (section 186)
(Amendments made by section 28 of the above Act) Bill : 3/2020 First Reading : 6 January 2020 Second and Third Readings : 4 February 2020 Commencement : 3 April 2020 (section 28(1) and (2)) 1 August 2020 (section 28(3))
(Amendments made by Division 5 of the above Act) Bill : 14/2019 First Reading : 8 July 2019 Second and Third Readings : 6 August 2019 Commencement : 29 May 2020 (sections 62(a), (b), (f) and (g), 63(2) and 66) 30 October 2020 (sections 61, 62(c), (d) and (e), 63(1) and (3), 64 and 65)
(Amendments made by section 7 of the above Act) Bill : 22/2020 First Reading : 4 May 2020 Second and Third Readings : 26 May 2020 Commencement : 28 August 2020 (section 7)
(Amendments made by section 31 of the above Act) Bill : 21/2020 First Reading : 4 May 2020 Second and Third Readings : 26 May 2020 Commencement : 1 April 2021 (section 31)
Operation : 31 December 2021
Bill : 8/2021 First Reading : 5 April 2021 Second and Third Readings : 11 May 2021 Commencement : 30 June 2021 (except sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, 31 and 33(1), (2) and (3)) 30 September 2021 (sections 3, 4, 5, 24 and 33(1) and (2)) 3 January 2022 (sections 6, 7, 8 and 33(3))
(Amendments made by Part 7 of the above Act) Bill : 18/2021 First Reading : 26 July 2021 Second and Third Readings : 14 September 2021 Commencement : 1 April 2022
Bill : 24/2022 First Reading : 12 September 2022 Second and Third Readings : 3 October 2022 Commencement : 1 November 2022 (section 20(8))
Date of commencement : 30 October 2023
Bill : 49/2007 First Reading : 12 November 2007 Second and Third Readings : 22 January 2008 Commencement : 1 April 2024
(Amendments made by the above Act) Bill : 9/2023 First Reading : 24 February 2023 Second and Third Readings : 21 March 2023 Commencement : 1 June 2024
Bill : 26/2023 First Reading : 2 August 2023 Second and Third Readings : 18 September 2023 Commencement : 31 December 2024
Bill : 26/2024 First Reading : 6 August 2024 Second and Third Readings : 10 September 2024 Commencement : 1 January 2025 Abbreviations (updated on 29 August 2022) G.N. Gazette Notification G.N. Sp. Gazette Notification (Special Supplement) L.A. Legislative Assembly L.N. Legal Notification (Federal/Malaysian) M. Malaya/Malaysia (including Federated Malay States, Malayan Union, Federation of Malaya and Federation of Malaysia) Parl. Parliament S Subsidiary Legislation S.I. Statutory Instrument (United Kingdom) S (N.S.) Subsidiary Legislation (New Series) S.S.G.G. Straits Settlements Government Gazette S.S.G.G. (E) Straits Settlements Government Gazette (Extraordinary) COMPARATIVE TABLE ROAD TRAFFIC ACT 1961 This Act has undergone renumbering in the 2020 Revised Edition. This Comparative Table is provided to help readers locate the corresponding provisions in the last Revised Edition. — 34D—(3) [Deleted by Act 1 of 2006] — 37—(9) [Deleted by Act 28 of 2014] — 110—(6) [Deleted by Act 10 of 2017] —
— 111A [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111B [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111C [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111D [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111E [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111F [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111G [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111H [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111I [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] — 111J [Repealed by Act 20 of 2019] —
— 111K [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111L [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111M [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111N [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111O [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111P [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111Q [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111QA [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111R [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111S [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111T [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 111U [Repealed by Act 30 of 2015] — 131—(3) [Deleted by Act 24 of 2010]